TOEFL iBT - Supplementary Pack Flashcards

(45 cards)

1
Q

Moreover / What’s more (discourse marker/adverb)

A

Synonyms (English):
furthermore
in addition

Synonyms (Spanish):
además
es más

Moreover, I trained my cat to open the fridge—now we both snack at midnight. (Además, entrené a mi gato para abrir la nevera; ahora ambos picamos a medianoche.)

I started a knitting club for squirrels; moreover, we’re trending on TikTok. (Inicié un club de tejido para ardillas; además, somos tendencia en TikTok.)

My professor praised my essay for its insight; moreover, he asked to use it as an example in class. (Mi profesor elogió mi ensayo por su perspicacia; además, pidió usarlo como ejemplo en clase.)

The software was not only free but moreover offered premium-level features. (El software no solo era gratuito, sino que además ofrecía funciones de nivel premium.)

Explanation: “Moreover” is used to add a point that strengthens the previous statement. It often appears in formal or persuasive discourse and emphasizes an accumulative argument.
(“Moreover” se usa para añadir un punto que refuerza la afirmación anterior. A menudo aparece en contextos formales o persuasivos y enfatiza un argumento acumulativo.)

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2
Q

Having said that (discourse marker)

A

Synonyms (English):
that being said
nevertheless

Synonyms (Spanish):
dicho esto
sin embargo

I love hiking in the wild. Having said that, I refuse to go anywhere without portable Wi-Fi. (Me encanta hacer senderismo en la naturaleza. Dicho esto, me niego a ir a cualquier lugar sin Wi-Fi portátil.)

He’s incredibly intelligent. Having said that, he once microwaved a metal spoon. (Es increíblemente inteligente. Dicho esto, una vez metió una cuchara de metal en el microondas.)

Our team performed well. Having said that, we still lost by twenty points. (Nuestro equipo jugó bien. Dicho esto, aún así perdimos por veinte puntos.)

This café serves great coffee. Having said that, their chairs feel like medieval torture devices. (Este café sirve un excelente café. Dicho esto, sus sillas se sienten como dispositivos de tortura medieval.)

Explanation: “Having said that” introduces a contrast or exception to what was just stated. It maintains coherence while shifting tone or emphasis.
(“Having said that” introduce un contraste o excepción a lo que se acaba de decir. Mantiene la coherencia mientras cambia el tono o el énfasis.)

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3
Q

To suggest that (verb phrase/introduces reported speech or opinion)

A

Synonyms (English):
to propose that
to imply that

Synonyms (Spanish):
sugerir que
proponer que

To suggest that pizza is not a food group is clearly treason. (Sugerir que la pizza no es un grupo alimenticio es claramente una traición.)

He dared to suggest that cats aren’t royalty, and now he’s banned from my house. (Se atrevió a sugerir que los gatos no son realeza, y ahora tiene prohibida la entrada a mi casa.)

To suggest that AI can’t write poetry is to ignore my robot’s sonnet collection. (Sugerir que la IA no puede escribir poesía es ignorar la colección de sonetos de mi robot.)

She suggested that we hold the meeting on the moon—budget-friendly, of course. (Ella sugirió que tengamos la reunión en la luna, claro, económica.)

Explanation: “To suggest that” introduces an idea, opinion, or proposal. Depending on context, it can imply an argument or invite consideration.
(“To suggest that” introduce una idea, opinión o propuesta. Dependiendo del contexto, puede implicar un argumento o invitar a la reflexión.)

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4
Q

To highlight that (verb phrase/emphasizing a point)

A

Synonyms (English):
to emphasize that
to point out that

Synonyms (Spanish):
destacar que
resaltar que

I’d like to highlight that no one has fed my imaginary goldfish in three days. (Me gustaría destacar que nadie ha alimentado a mi pez dorado imaginario en tres días.)

To highlight that time flies, I present Exhibit A: my unpaid parking ticket from 2015. (Para resaltar que el tiempo vuela, presento la Prueba A: mi multa de estacionamiento impaga de 2015.)

The speaker highlighted that collaboration was the key to the project’s success. (El orador destacó que la colaboración fue la clave del éxito del proyecto.)

Let me highlight that the cake was vegan—right before I added the bacon bits. (Permítanme destacar que el pastel era vegano, justo antes de que agregara trozos de tocino.)

Explanation: “To highlight that” means to draw special attention to a point or fact, usually for emphasis or importance.
(“To highlight that” significa dar especial atención a un punto o hecho, generalmente para enfatizar o señalar su importancia.)

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5
Q

To argue that (verb phrase/formulating an opinion)

A

Synonyms (English):
to assert that
to claim that

Synonyms (Spanish):
argumentar que
afirmar que

She argued that napping should be a competitive sport—complete with medals. (Ella argumentó que dormir siestas debería ser un deporte competitivo, con medallas incluidas.)

To argue that pineapple belongs on pizza is to step into eternal controversy. (Argumentar que la piña pertenece en la pizza es entrar en una controversia eterna.)

He argued that flexible schedules increase productivity and happiness. (Argumentó que los horarios flexibles aumentan la productividad y la felicidad.)

I argue that socks with sandals are not a crime—fashion is subjective. (Yo argumento que usar calcetas con sandalias no es un crimen; la moda es subjetiva.)

Explanation: “To argue that” introduces a standpoint or claim, often in formal, persuasive, or academic discourse.
(“To argue that” introduce un punto de vista o afirmación, a menudo en discursos formales, persuasivos o académicos.)

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6
Q

To put it simply, …

A

Synonyms (English):
in short
to summarize

Synonyms (Spanish):
en pocas palabras
para resumir

To put it simply, a strong TOEFL essay must clearly support one side of the argument with specific examples.
(En pocas palabras, un ensayo sólido del TOEFL debe apoyar claramente un lado del argumento con ejemplos específicos.)

To put it simply, time management is the most crucial skill for excelling in TOEFL iBT writing tasks.
(En pocas palabras, la gestión del tiempo es la habilidad más crucial para destacar en las tareas de escritura del TOEFL iBT.)

To put it simply, the independent writing task evaluates how well you argue a position under time pressure.
(En pocas palabras, la tarea de escritura independiente evalúa qué tan bien argumentas una posición bajo presión de tiempo.)

To put it simply, practice with feedback is the fastest way to improve writing coherence.
(En pocas palabras, practicar con retroalimentación es la forma más rápida de mejorar la coherencia de la escritura.)

Explanation: This phrase is used to introduce a simplified version of a complex idea.
Explicación: Esta frase se usa para introducir una versión simplificada de una idea compleja.

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7
Q

In other words, …

A

Synonyms (English):
that is to say
to rephrase

Synonyms (Spanish):
en otras palabras
es decir

In other words, the TOEFL iBT tests your ability to think critically in English.
(En otras palabras, el TOEFL iBT evalúa tu capacidad de pensar críticamente en inglés.)

You need to write a clear thesis and support it logically—in other words, make your argument easy to follow.
(Necesitas escribir una tesis clara y apoyarla lógicamente—en otras palabras, hacer que tu argumento sea fácil de seguir.)

Grammar mistakes can affect your score. In other words, accuracy matters.
(Los errores gramaticales pueden afectar tu puntaje. En otras palabras, la precisión importa.)

The timer counts down quickly. In other words, you must plan your ideas fast.
(El temporizador baja rápidamente. En otras palabras, debes planear tus ideas rápidamente.)

Explanation: This is used to clarify or restate something differently for better understanding.
Explicación: Se utiliza para aclarar o reformular algo de forma distinta para facilitar la comprensión.

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8
Q

What I meant to say was …

A

Synonyms (English):
Let me rephrase
I should clarify

Synonyms (Spanish):
Lo que quería decir era
Permíteme aclarar

What I meant to say was that structure matters more than vocabulary in a high-scoring TOEFL essay.
(Lo que quería decir era que la estructura importa más que el vocabulario en un ensayo con alta puntuación del TOEFL.)

What I meant to say was that coherence is evaluated across the entire response, not just one paragraph.
(Lo que quería decir era que la coherencia se evalúa en toda la respuesta, no solo en un párrafo.)

What I meant to say was that it’s okay to have a few mistakes, as long as they don’t affect clarity.
(Lo que quería decir era que está bien tener algunos errores, siempre que no afecten la claridad.)

What I meant to say was that preparing outlines before writing can save valuable time.
(Lo que quería decir era que preparar esquemas antes de escribir puede ahorrar tiempo valioso.)

Explanation: This phrase helps clarify a misstatement or correct what was just said.
Explicación: Esta frase ayuda a aclarar un error de expresión o corregir lo que se acaba de decir.

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9
Q

To be concerned ABOUT sth

A

Synonyms (English):
to worry about
to be anxious about

Synonyms (Spanish):
preocuparse por
estar inquieto por

Many test-takers are concerned about running out of time during the TOEFL writing section.
(Muchos examinados se preocupan por quedarse sin tiempo durante la sección de escritura del TOEFL.)

Some students are concerned about their grammar, even if their ideas are strong.
(Algunos estudiantes se preocupan por su gramática, incluso si sus ideas son sólidas.)

He’s concerned about using too many informal expressions in his TOEFL responses.
(Él está preocupado por usar demasiadas expresiones informales en sus respuestas del TOEFL.)

She was concerned about whether her examples were specific enough.
(Ella estaba preocupada por si sus ejemplos eran lo suficientemente específicos.)

Explanation: This phrase expresses worry or anxiety regarding a topic or issue.
Explicación: Esta frase expresa preocupación o inquietud sobre un tema o asunto.

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10
Q

To fear sth

A

Synonyms (English):
to dread
to be afraid of

Synonyms (Spanish):
temer
tener miedo de

Some people fear the independent writing task because they don’t know how to structure their answer.
(Algunas personas temen la tarea de escritura independiente porque no saben cómo estructurar su respuesta.)

He feared not finishing in time more than making grammar mistakes.
(Él temía no terminar a tiempo más que cometer errores gramaticales.)

Many fear getting a low score despite preparing extensively.
(Muchos temen obtener una puntuación baja a pesar de haber preparado mucho.)

She feared using an unfamiliar topic and freezing mid-essay.
(Ella temía usar un tema desconocido y quedarse en blanco a mitad del ensayo.)

Explanation: “To fear something” indicates an emotional response to a perceived threat or challenge.
Explicación: “Temer algo” indica una respuesta emocional ante una amenaza o desafío percibido.

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11
Q

Engagement (noun)

A

Synonyms (English):
involvement
participation

Synonyms (Spanish):
compromiso
participación

The success of an academic program heavily depends on student engagement.
(Éxito de un programa académico depende en gran medida del compromiso estudiantil.)

Higher engagement levels among learners typically lead to more positive learning outcomes.
(Niveles más altos de participación entre los estudiantes suelen dar lugar a mejores resultados académicos.)

In research, engagement is often used to assess how deeply a student interacts with course material.
(En la investigación, el compromiso se usa con frecuencia para evaluar la profundidad de la interacción de un estudiante con el material del curso.)

Engagement in group projects fosters collaborative thinking and shared responsibility.
(El compromiso en proyectos grupales fomenta el pensamiento colaborativo y la responsabilidad compartida.)

Explanation:
“Engagement” refers to active involvement or emotional investment in a task. In academic settings, it can imply attention, curiosity, and participation.
(“Engagement” se refiere a la implicación activa o inversión emocional en una tarea. En contextos académicos, puede implicar atención, curiosidad y participación.)

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12
Q

Team bonding (noun phrase)

A

Synonyms (English):
team cohesion
group unity

Synonyms (Spanish):
unión del equipo
cohesión grupal

Team bonding often strengthens interpersonal communication, which is essential in collaborative research projects.
(La unión del equipo suele fortalecer la comunicación interpersonal, esencial en proyectos de investigación colaborativa.)

Professors may use field trips as a tool to encourage team bonding among students.
(Los profesores pueden usar excursiones como una herramienta para fomentar la cohesión grupal entre los estudiantes.)

Team bonding is especially valuable in multicultural classrooms, as it bridges cultural gaps.
(La unión del equipo es especialmente valiosa en aulas multiculturales, ya que reduce brechas culturales.)

An atmosphere of trust emerges naturally when team bonding is a priority.
(Un ambiente de confianza surge naturalmente cuando la cohesión del equipo es una prioridad.)

Explanation:
“Team bonding” describes activities or dynamics that strengthen relationships within a group. Academically, it’s vital in fostering cooperative learning.
(“Team bonding” describe actividades o dinámicas que fortalecen relaciones dentro de un grupo. En lo académico, es vital para fomentar el aprendizaje cooperativo.)

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13
Q

Moreover / What’s more (Addition)

A

Synonyms (English):
in addition
furthermore

Synonyms (Spanish):
además
es más

Many university courses emphasize independent study. Moreover, they expect students to engage in critical discussions.
(Muchos cursos universitarios enfatizan el estudio independiente. Además, esperan que los estudiantes participen en discusiones críticas.)

The results of the experiment were promising. What’s more, they were consistent across all test groups.
(Los resultados del experimento fueron prometedores. Es más, fueron consistentes en todos los grupos de prueba.)

Technology facilitates information access. Moreover, it allows for interactive learning environments.
(La tecnología facilita el acceso a la información. Además, permite entornos de aprendizaje interactivo.)

Students performed well on the test. What’s more, their essays demonstrated advanced reasoning.
(Los estudiantes obtuvieron buenos resultados en el examen. Es más, sus ensayos demostraron razonamiento avanzado.)

Explanation:
These linking phrases are used to add information, especially when emphasizing the significance or surprising nature of what follows.
(Estas frases se usan para agregar información, especialmente al enfatizar la importancia o el carácter sorprendente de lo que sigue.)

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14
Q

Which is why (Consequence)

A

Synonyms (English):
therefore
that’s the reason

Synonyms (Spanish):
por eso
lo cual explica

Many students struggle with time management, which is why academic advising is essential.
(Muchos estudiantes tienen dificultades con la gestión del tiempo, por eso la orientación académica es esencial.)

Online classes offer flexibility, which is why they are popular among working adults.
(Las clases en línea ofrecen flexibilidad, lo cual explica su popularidad entre adultos que trabajan.)

Group tasks build communication skills, which is why they’re included in most curricula.
(Las tareas grupales desarrollan habilidades de comunicación, por eso se incluyen en la mayoría de los planes de estudio.)

The study lacked control variables, which is why the conclusions are being questioned.
(El estudio carecía de variables de control, lo cual explica que las conclusiones estén siendo cuestionadas.)

Explanation:
“Which is why” connects a result or explanation directly to the previous sentence, emphasizing cause-effect relationships.
(“Which is why” conecta un resultado o explicación directamente con la oración anterior, enfatizando relaciones de causa-efecto.)

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15
Q

As a result (Consequence)

A

Synonyms (English):
consequently
thus

Synonyms (Spanish):
como resultado
por consiguiente

He failed to submit his final paper on time. As a result, he did not pass the course.
(No entregó su trabajo final a tiempo. Como resultado, no aprobó el curso.)

The university increased tuition fees. As a result, enrollment numbers declined.
(La universidad aumentó las tasas de matrícula. Como resultado, disminuyeron las inscripciones.)

They conducted extensive surveys. As a result, the research findings were well-supported.
(Realizaron encuestas extensas. Como resultado, los hallazgos de la investigación estaban bien fundamentados.)

The seminar was poorly advertised. As a result, attendance was very low.
(El seminario tuvo poca publicidad. Como resultado, la asistencia fue muy baja.)

Explanation:
Used to introduce a logical consequence from a previous statement. Ideal for academic argumentation.
(Se usa para introducir una consecuencia lógica de una declaración anterior. Ideal para la argumentación académica.)

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16
Q

This means that … (Reformulation)

A

Synonyms (English):
in other words
that is to say

Synonyms (Spanish):
esto significa que
es decir

The survey had a margin of error of 10%. This means that the data should be interpreted cautiously.
(La encuesta tuvo un margen de error del 10%. Esto significa que los datos deben interpretarse con cautela.)

Only 30% of participants completed the study. This means that the sample size may be insufficient.
(Solo el 30% de los participantes completaron el estudio. Esto significa que el tamaño de la muestra puede ser insuficiente.)

Graduates with practical skills are more employable. This means that vocational training is increasingly important.
(Los graduados con habilidades prácticas son más empleables. Esto significa que la formación profesional es cada vez más importante.)

Lectures were recorded for remote students. This means that access to material has become more inclusive.
(Las clases se grabaron para los estudiantes remotos. Esto significa que el acceso al material se ha vuelto más inclusivo.)

Explanation:
This phrase is commonly used to clarify or elaborate on a previously mentioned point, especially in academic discourse.
(Esta frase se usa comúnmente para aclarar o desarrollar un punto mencionado anteriormente, especialmente en el discurso académico.)

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17
Q

This explains why…

A
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18
Q

“According to the lecture,” (introducing the topic clearly and academically)

A
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19
Q

“To clearly illustrate this,” (transitioning smoothly to an example)

A

Synonyms (English):
to exemplify this clearly
to show this more clearly

Synonyms (Spanish):
para ilustrar esto claramente
para mostrar esto más claramente

To clearly illustrate this, the professor described how volcanic ash can cool the Earth’s surface by blocking sunlight. (Para ilustrar esto claramente, el profesor describió cómo la ceniza volcánica puede enfriar la superficie terrestre al bloquear la luz solar.)

To clearly illustrate this, the lecturer used the example of the Industrial Revolution’s impact on labor structures. (Para ilustrar esto claramente, el conferencista usó el ejemplo del impacto de la Revolución Industrial en las estructuras laborales.)

This phrase is used to introduce a specific example that supports or clarifies a general point.
Esta frase se usa para introducir un ejemplo específico que respalda o aclara un punto general.

20
Q

“Moreover,” (adding further academic points)

A

Synonyms (English):
in addition
furthermore

Synonyms (Spanish):
además
asimismo

The reading highlights how deforestation leads to biodiversity loss. Moreover, it emphasizes the role of soil erosion in damaging ecosystems. (La lectura destaca cómo la deforestación conduce a la pérdida de biodiversidad. Además, enfatiza el papel de la erosión del suelo en el daño a los ecosistemas.)

The professor explained the benefits of bilingualism. Moreover, she pointed out its cognitive advantages, such as improved memory. (La profesora explicó los beneficios del bilingüismo. Además, señaló sus ventajas cognitivas, como la mejora de la memoria.)

This word introduces an additional idea that reinforces or expands on the previous point.
Esta palabra introduce una idea adicional que refuerza o amplía el punto anterior.

21
Q

The main concept discussed in the reading is…

A

Synonyms (English):
the central idea in the reading is
the key point presented in the passage is

Synonyms (Spanish):
el concepto principal discutido en la lectura es
la idea clave presentada en el pasaje es

The main concept discussed in the reading is the adaptation strategies of desert plants. (El concepto principal discutido en la lectura es las estrategias de adaptación de las plantas del desierto.)

The main concept discussed in the reading is how ecosystems maintain balance through predator-prey relationships. (El concepto principal discutido en la lectura es cómo los ecosistemas mantienen el equilibrio mediante relaciones depredador-presa.)

This phrase is used to summarize the core theme of the text, often in an academic setting.
Esta frase se usa para resumir el tema central del texto, a menudo en un entorno académico.

22
Q

The reading passage explains that…

A

Synonyms (English):
the text clarifies that
the article describes that

Synonyms (Spanish):
el pasaje de lectura explica que
el texto aclara que

The reading passage explains that fossil fuels are formed from ancient plant and animal remains compressed over millions of years. (El pasaje de lectura explica que los combustibles fósiles se forman a partir de restos de plantas y animales antiguos comprimidos durante millones de años.)

The reading passage explains that the theory of relativity changed our understanding of space and time. (El pasaje de lectura explica que la teoría de la relatividad cambió nuestra comprensión del espacio y el tiempo.)

This phrase introduces information specifically stated in the reading, reinforcing clarity in TOEFL responses.
Esta frase introduce información específicamente mencionada en la lectura, reforzando la claridad en las respuestas del TOEFL.

23
Q

This supports the idea that…

A

Synonyms (English):
this confirms the notion that
this backs up the claim that

Synonyms (Spanish):
esto respalda la idea de que
esto confirma la noción de que

The example of coral bleaching presented in the lecture supports the idea that rising sea temperatures are harming marine biodiversity. (El ejemplo del blanqueamiento del coral presentado en la conferencia respalda la idea de que el aumento de la temperatura del mar está dañando la biodiversidad marina.)

The historical data supports the idea that population density influences the spread of disease. (Los datos históricos respaldan la idea de que la densidad de población influye en la propagación de enfermedades.)

This phrase shows that new information reinforces or agrees with a previously stated idea.
Esta frase muestra que la nueva información refuerza o concuerda con una idea previamente mencionada.

24
Q

Therefore, it becomes clear that…

A

Synonyms (English):
thus, it is evident that
as a result, it is clear that

Synonyms (Spanish):
por lo tanto, queda claro que
así, se hace evidente que

The lecture explained how bees communicate through movement. Therefore, it becomes clear that their dances convey essential information about food sources. (La conferencia explicó cómo las abejas se comunican mediante movimientos. Por lo tanto, queda claro que sus danzas transmiten información esencial sobre las fuentes de alimento.)

Both the reading and lecture highlight the decline in Arctic ice. Therefore, it becomes clear that global warming has measurable and accelerating effects. (Tanto la lectura como la conferencia destacan la disminución del hielo ártico. Por lo tanto, queda claro que el calentamiento global tiene efectos medibles y acelerados.)

This phrase is useful in drawing conclusions based on combined information from lecture and reading.
Esta frase es útil para sacar conclusiones basadas en la información combinada de la conferencia y la lectura.

25
This explains why…
Synonyms (English): this clarifies the reason this justifies the fact Synonyms (Spanish): esto explica por qué esto justifica el hecho The lecture highlighted the effects of urbanization on bird species. This explains why several native birds are now rarely seen in metropolitan areas. (La conferencia destacó los efectos de la urbanización en las especies de aves. Esto explica por qué varias aves nativas ya rara vez se ven en áreas metropolitanas.) Researchers observed increased anxiety levels in sleep-deprived students. This explains why academic performance often drops during exam weeks. (Los investigadores observaron niveles elevados de ansiedad en estudiantes privados de sueño. Esto explica por qué el rendimiento académico suele disminuir durante las semanas de exámenes.) This phrase introduces a logical consequence or clarification for a prior statement. Esta frase introduce una consecuencia lógica o una aclaración de una afirmación anterior.
26
"According to the lecture," (introducing the topic clearly and academically)
Synonyms (English): as stated in the lecture based on the lecture Synonyms (Spanish): según la conferencia basado en la conferencia According to the lecture, climate change has intensified the frequency of extreme weather events globally. (Según la conferencia, el cambio climático ha intensificado la frecuencia de eventos meteorológicos extremos a nivel mundial.) According to the lecture, the Renaissance period sparked a revival in classical learning and artistic innovation. (Según la conferencia, el período del Renacimiento provocó un renacimiento del aprendizaje clásico y la innovación artística.) This phrase signals that information comes directly from the academic source being discussed. Esta frase indica que la información proviene directamente de la fuente académica discutida.
27
"To clearly illustrate this," (transitioning smoothly to an example)
Synonyms (English): to exemplify this clearly to show this more clearly Synonyms (Spanish): para ilustrar esto claramente para mostrar esto más claramente To clearly illustrate this, the professor described how volcanic ash can cool the Earth’s surface by blocking sunlight. (Para ilustrar esto claramente, el profesor describió cómo la ceniza volcánica puede enfriar la superficie terrestre al bloquear la luz solar.) To clearly illustrate this, the lecturer used the example of the Industrial Revolution’s impact on labor structures. (Para ilustrar esto claramente, el conferencista usó el ejemplo del impacto de la Revolución Industrial en las estructuras laborales.) This phrase is used to introduce a specific example that supports or clarifies a general point. Esta frase se usa para introducir un ejemplo específico que respalda o aclara un punto general.
28
"Moreover," (adding further academic points)
Synonyms (English): in addition furthermore Synonyms (Spanish): además asimismo The reading highlights how deforestation leads to biodiversity loss. Moreover, it emphasizes the role of soil erosion in damaging ecosystems. (La lectura destaca cómo la deforestación conduce a la pérdida de biodiversidad. Además, enfatiza el papel de la erosión del suelo en el daño a los ecosistemas.) The professor explained the benefits of bilingualism. Moreover, she pointed out its cognitive advantages, such as improved memory. (La profesora explicó los beneficios del bilingüismo. Además, señaló sus ventajas cognitivas, como la mejora de la memoria.) This word introduces an additional idea that reinforces or expands on the previous point. Esta palabra introduce una idea adicional que refuerza o amplía el punto anterior.
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The main concept discussed in the reading is…
Synonyms (English): the central idea in the reading is the key point presented in the passage is Synonyms (Spanish): el concepto principal discutido en la lectura es la idea clave presentada en el pasaje es The main concept discussed in the reading is the adaptation strategies of desert plants. (El concepto principal discutido en la lectura es las estrategias de adaptación de las plantas del desierto.) The main concept discussed in the reading is how ecosystems maintain balance through predator-prey relationships. (El concepto principal discutido en la lectura es cómo los ecosistemas mantienen el equilibrio mediante relaciones depredador-presa.) This phrase is used to summarize the core theme of the text, often in an academic setting. Esta frase se usa para resumir el tema central del texto, a menudo en un entorno académico.
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The reading passage explains that…
Synonyms (English): the text clarifies that the article describes that Synonyms (Spanish): el pasaje de lectura explica que el texto aclara que The reading passage explains that fossil fuels are formed from ancient plant and animal remains compressed over millions of years. (El pasaje de lectura explica que los combustibles fósiles se forman a partir de restos de plantas y animales antiguos comprimidos durante millones de años.) The reading passage explains that the theory of relativity changed our understanding of space and time. (El pasaje de lectura explica que la teoría de la relatividad cambió nuestra comprensión del espacio y el tiempo.) This phrase introduces information specifically stated in the reading, reinforcing clarity in TOEFL responses. Esta frase introduce información específicamente mencionada en la lectura, reforzando la claridad en las respuestas del TOEFL.
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This supports the idea that…
Synonyms (English): this confirms the notion that this backs up the claim that Synonyms (Spanish): esto respalda la idea de que esto confirma la noción de que The example of coral bleaching presented in the lecture supports the idea that rising sea temperatures are harming marine biodiversity. (El ejemplo del blanqueamiento del coral presentado en la conferencia respalda la idea de que el aumento de la temperatura del mar está dañando la biodiversidad marina.) The historical data supports the idea that population density influences the spread of disease. (Los datos históricos respaldan la idea de que la densidad de población influye en la propagación de enfermedades.) This phrase shows that new information reinforces or agrees with a previously stated idea. Esta frase muestra que la nueva información refuerza o concuerda con una idea previamente mencionada.
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Therefore, it becomes clear that…
Synonyms (English): thus, it is evident that as a result, it is clear that Synonyms (Spanish): por lo tanto, queda claro que así, se hace evidente que The lecture explained how bees communicate through movement. Therefore, it becomes clear that their dances convey essential information about food sources. (La conferencia explicó cómo las abejas se comunican mediante movimientos. Por lo tanto, queda claro que sus danzas transmiten información esencial sobre las fuentes de alimento.) Both the reading and lecture highlight the decline in Arctic ice. Therefore, it becomes clear that global warming has measurable and accelerating effects. (Tanto la lectura como la conferencia destacan la disminución del hielo ártico. Por lo tanto, queda claro que el calentamiento global tiene efectos medibles y acelerados.) This phrase is useful in drawing conclusions based on combined information from lecture and reading. Esta frase es útil para sacar conclusiones basadas en la información combinada de la conferencia y la lectura.
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By the way (''Un parentesis'')
Synonyms (English): just so you know on a different note Synonyms (Spanish): por cierto a propósito By the way, Federico, I won’t be able to attend class tomorrow. By the way, did you hear that the professor rescheduled the lecture? By the way, mitochondria aren’t just about energy — they also help with cell signaling. By the way, this connects directly to the fall of the Roman Empire, which also suffered from overexpansion and mismanagement. Explanation: "By the way" is a common conversational phrase used to introduce a new topic or add unrelated information. It functions much like “un paréntesis” in Spanish, offering a smooth way to insert side notes or reminders into discourse.
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X refers to the idea that...
PHRASE: X refers to the idea that... Synonyms (English): X is based on the notion that X can be defined as the belief that Synonyms (Spanish): X se refiere a la idea de que X se basa en la noción de que The sunk cost fallacy refers to the idea that people continue an endeavor because they’ve already invested time or resources. Cellular respiration refers to the idea that mitochondria convert glucose into ATP to fuel biological processes. The decline of Roman civic duty refers to the idea that fewer citizens were willing to serve in government or the military, contributing to the empire’s fall. Behavioral economics refers to the idea that individuals don’t always act rationally when making financial decisions. Explanation: This phrase introduces and clarifies key academic concepts. It is excellent for paraphrasing lecture definitions.
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A classic example of this is when...
Synonyms (English): A well-known case of this is when One typical instance of this is when Synonyms (Spanish): Un ejemplo clásico de esto es cuando Un caso típico de esto es cuando A classic example of this is when people keep investing in a failing business just because they’ve already spent a lot of money. A classic example of this is when mitochondria are described as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in ATP synthesis. A classic example of this is when the Roman Empire began hiring mercenaries, which weakened military loyalty and discipline. A classic example of this is when consumers continue subscribing to a gym they never use, simply because they paid the annual fee upfront. Explanation: This phrase is excellent for introducing supporting examples, especially in explanatory or argumentative speech.
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This shows that people tend to...
Synonyms (English): This illustrates that individuals often This demonstrates that people usually Synonyms (Spanish): Esto muestra que las personas tienden a Esto demuestra que la gente suele This shows that people tend to stick with failing plans because they want to justify previous efforts. This shows that people tend to misunderstand the importance of cell organelles like mitochondria. This shows that people tend to overlook political corruption when evaluating the Roman Empire’s decline. This shows that people tend to let emotions interfere with logical decision-making. Explanation: This phrase helps interpret the significance of data or examples, aligning with academic reasoning skills.
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As a result, they often choose to...
Synonyms (English): Consequently, they frequently decide to Therefore, they commonly opt to Synonyms (Spanish): Como resultado, a menudo eligen Por lo tanto, comúnmente optan por As a result, they often choose to continue investing even when the odds of recovery are low. As a result, they often choose to rely on inefficient energy production pathways when mitochondria malfunction. As a result, they often choose to weaken their borders and reduce their military strength, as seen in late Roman history. As a result, they often choose to ignore losses instead of changing course. Explanation: This phrase is a strong causal connector, signaling outcomes or behavioral tendencies.
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This X highlights how...
Synonyms (English): This X emphasizes how This X reveals the way in which Synonyms (Spanish): Este X resalta cómo Este X muestra cómo This behavior highlights how emotional attachment can cloud judgment. This collapse highlights how political instability and economic strain can coexist in declining empires. This function highlights how mitochondria are central to energy conversion in the cell. This fallacy highlights how humans are not purely rational decision-makers. Explanation: "This highlights how..." introduces a key insight drawn from a specific detail or event, commonly used in analysis.
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To be equivalent to
Synonyms (English): to be the same as to correspond to The relict behavior of a flightless bird today is equivalent to how its ancestors escaped predators in the past. Relict behavior in this species is equivalent to a survival instinct that was once more widespread. Explanation: "To be equivalent to" means that two things have the same meaning, value, or function. In academic settings, this phrase helps compare old and new forms of behavior in animals clearly.
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X than Y
Synonyms (English): more X than Y rather X than Y The kakapo now hides rather than flies, which shows a shift in its behavior. It is more likely to freeze than to flee when threatened, a behavior that comes from its predator-free past. Explanation: "X than Y" is a comparative structure used to show contrast or preference between two things. It helps frame academic arguments clearly, especially in describing behavior shifts.
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To illustrate X
Synonyms (English): to demonstrate to exemplify To illustrate relict behavior, consider how the armadillo still jumps vertically when scared, even though it doesn't face the same predators anymore. The kakapo is often used to illustrate how past environments shape present-day instincts. Explanation: "To illustrate" is used to give a clear example. It’s useful when introducing a case study or making academic ideas more understandable.
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To show
Synonyms (English): to reveal to indicate The parrot’s reaction to danger shows how its behavior hasn’t fully adapted to modern threats. The way meerkats still scan the sky frequently shows a relict alert system from when aerial predators were more common. Explanation: "To show" introduces evidence or examples that support an idea. It’s simple and direct—ideal for speaking responses.
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To contribute to
Synonyms (English): to help cause to add to Lack of natural predators contributed to the survival of the kakapo’s outdated instincts. These behaviors contribute to the species’ current vulnerability in new environments. Explanation: "To contribute to" links a cause to an effect. It’s helpful when describing complex biological or ecological relationships.
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To consider
Synonyms (English): to take into account to examine To understand relict behavior, we must consider the environmental history of the species. Consider the case of the hedgehog, which still curls up when threatened, even if this is ineffective against cars. Explanation: "To consider" signals thoughtful analysis. It guides the listener or reader to reflect on key information or factors.
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To cause
Synonyms (English): to lead to to trigger The sudden presence of new predators caused a decline in species with outdated defense behaviors. A mismatch between environment and behavior can cause confusion and poor survival outcomes. Explanation: "To cause" directly connects one thing to another in a clear, academic way. It’s vital when explaining processes and consequences.