tof, air law and communication Flashcards
(27 cards)
Maneuvering areas
Apron: where plane are parked, fuled..
Maneuvering areas: runway, taxiway
Movement areas: runway, taxi way and apron
What are the medical validity periods
Ppl: 24 to 60 months
5 ans under 40 and 2 years over 40
Distance between runway lights
200 ft (60m)
4 Runway markings
Hold position: short of runway
Ils hold position: when direct by atc
On taxiway holding position
Taxiway edge
What are the displaced thresholds
Permanent : White arrows pointing to runway numbers before threshold.
→ Used for taxi & takeoff, but not for landing.
Temporary: White chevrons (inverted V) before runway numbers.
→ Also used for taxi & takeoff, not for landing — but temporary.
Stopway overrun only: Yellow chevrons only — no runway numbers.
→ Emergency overrun only — not usable otherwise.
Closed=x markings
Priorities
Ballons
Glider
Airship
Aircraft carrying gliders
Airplane/helicopter
Air speed and altitudes around airports
No more than 200kt and below 3000 ft agl
What are the standard and altimete settings regions ?
Standard= northern domestic airespace (magnetic track)
-all airspace above 18000ft and all air space outside altimeter region
-altimeter set to 29.92hg
-reset altimeter after entering and before leaving SPR
Altimeter = southern domestic airspace (true track)
-Up to but not including 18000ft asl
-set to current altimeter setting or elevation of airport
-in cruise= set to nearest station
-when approaching airport to land=set to setting of airport
VFR altitude requirements
1200ft above surface in controlled zone: 3SM of vis, 500ft below, 1000ft above, 2000ft horizontal from clouds
day; 1sm clear of clouds
Outside controlled airspace;
Day :1SM, clear of clouds
Night: same as top
Outside more than 1200ft less than 10000ft:
Day :1SM , same as top
Night:3SM same as top
Light signals
Steady green: ground=clear to take off In flight= clear to land
Flashing green: ground=clear to taxi Flight: return to land
Steady red: ground=stop. Flight=give way
Flashing red: taxi clear of runway flight = do not land
Flashing white: return to ramp
Alternate red and green: warning
Oxygen requirements
Above 13000ft: oxygen mask for all crew and passengers
Between 10000 and 13000 ft: mask for 10% of passengers if more than 30 min
Spacing between aircraft categories
Behind. Light. Medium. Heavy. sup
Light / 4. 6. 8.
Medium / / 5. 7.
Heavy. / / 4. 6.
Super / / / 4.
Air space requirements and altitude
High level : 18000ft asl and above A,F,G
Low level : classe B,C,D,E
A: 18000ft ASL +
-IFR
- controlled by atc
-transponder mode c
High level airspace
B:IFR AND VFR
-all low level controlled airspace above 12500 up to but not including 18000 asl
C:IFR, VFR
-big airports
-require atc clearances to enter
-must have two way communal
D: IFR AND VFR
-IFR must contact atc via tow way com
E:
F: special uses air space
Advisory, restricted , danger
Licence requirements
45 hours training
12 hours solo
5 hours cross country
17 hours dual
What are the 3 axis
Latéral: pitch (elevator)
Longitudinale: rolling (ailrons)
Vertical: yawing (rudder)
Bernoulli principal
Air pressure decreases in venturi tube
When air speeds up the pressure decreases
When the airflow slows the pressure increases
4 critères qui affectent lift
1:the surface =wing aspect ratio
2:the camber=wing camber and profile
3:the angle of attack= relative the the airflow
4:the speed=speed of aircraft
3 types of wings
sweepback=
efficent at high speed
elliptical= (round) idial at high and low speed due to minimum drag for given apect ratio
rectangular= provide a decrease from drag and increase lift
good stall characterisics
Static and dynamic stability
(Positive, neutral, negative)
Static=+return to original
Neutre=stays in new attitude
-continue moving away from original attitude
Dynamic=+ dampen out over time
Neutral= stays the same
- gets worst over time
Primary and secondary radars
PSR: réflection radio signals
SSR: transmitters/receivers
How to find reception distance
Distance = 1,23 X racine carré de l’altitude
Aerodrome Traffic Frequency zone
-Uncontrolled airports not listed MF
-radio not mandatory
Mf zones
-Due to heavy traffic at some uncontrolled airports
-two way radio mandatory
May be operated by FSS, RAAS, RCO, CARS or UNICOM
Radio waves frequency
Kilohertz :
LF = surface waves
MF= surface and sky waves
HF= sky waves
Megahertz:
VHF and UHF= line of sight
