Toll like receptors

Question 1

TLRs bind to

Answer 1

PAMPs

Question 2

Transmembrane proteins are found on

Answer 2

cell surface and endosomes

Question 3

TLR-2:TLR-6 heterodimer

Answer 3

lipoteichoic acids (gram-positive bacteria)
Cell wall B-glucan (fungi)

Question 4

TLR-4

Answer 4

LPS (Gram-negative bacteria)

Question 5

TLR-7 and TLR-8

Answer 5

single stranded RNA(viruses)

Question 6

TLR-9

Answer 6

DNA with unmethylated CpG (bacteria and DNA viruses)
This dimer/TLR is found inside of cells since viruses are intracellular pathogens

Question 7

TLRs are thought to act as

Answer 7

dimers

Question 8

Where are TLRs located

Answer 8

• cell surface to detect extracellular pathogen molecules
• In the membrane of endosomes

Question 9

When TLRS are located intracellularly in the membranes of endosomes,, these microbial components are recognized

Answer 9

DNA and RNA, accessible only after the microbe has been broken down

Question 10

Describe TLR4

Answer 10

-Found in plasma membrane
- Intracellular TLR
- internalized in endesome and stimulate intracellular pathways
-recognizes bacterial LPS

Question 11

Recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS with host accesory protein MD-2 and CD14

Answer 11

TLR-4

Question 12

TLR binding to PAMPS actiavtes

Answer 12

NFkB, AP-1, IRF pathways/transcripion factors
to induce inflammatory cytokines and type 1 iterferons

Question 13

transcription factors to induce the expression of
inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons

Answer 13

NFκB, AP-1, and IRF