ToM Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is the Theory of Mind (ToM)?
The Theory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, understanding that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that may differ from one’s own.
At what age do infants begin to learn about people psychologically?
During the first year.
By what age do infants understand that others’ behavior is goal-directed?
By six months.
At what age can infants predict the goal of a hand but not a claw?
By 11 months.
What is the significance of ‘sticky mittens’ in understanding goals?
‘Sticky mittens’ can help even 3-month-olds understand others’ goals.
What can 12-month-olds differentiate between in terms of actions?
They can differentiate between unwilling and unable actions.
At what age do infants attribute intentions to objects that behave like humans?
At 12 months.
What do 12-14 month olds understand about positive designs and actions?
They understand the connection between positive designs and actions but not negative desires and actions.
By what age do infants have a more solid understanding of others’ desires?
By 18 months.
At what age do children understand that desire and actions are linked?
By 2 years.
What are beliefs in the context of Theory of Mind?
Beliefs are mental representations.
At what age do children begin to show some understanding of beliefs?
By 3 years.
What is the true test of a Theory of Mind?
Understanding that someone can have a false belief.
What is an example of a classic explicit false belief test?
The false contents test.
What do 3-year-olds fail in the Sally-Anne test?
They fail to pass the false location test.
At what age do children typically pass false belief tasks?
Around 4-5 years.
What is a limitation of classic false belief tests?
They are incapable of detecting degrees of performance.
What are some task demands that might influence task performance success?
- Reality bias
- Pragmatic interpretation
Can 3-year-olds show false belief under some circumstances?
Yes, such as in deception.
What technology is used for implicit false belief tasks?
Eye tracking technology.
What do anticipatory looking tasks measure?
They measure predicting where someone will reach.
What is the violation of expectation paradigm?
It involves infants looking longer at events that violate their expectations.
What factors influence Theory of Mind development?
- Siblings
- Adults
- Characteristics of the child (e.g., autism)
