Tone

Question 1

resistance offered by muscles when passively lengthened “stiffness”

Answer 1

muscle tone

Question 2

Diagnostic indicator of UMN problem

Answer 2

hypertonicity

Question 3

UMN or LMN problem

Answer 3

Hypotonicity

Question 4

Connective tissue capsuleintrafusal muscle fibersGamma motor axonsSensory axons

Answer 4

Muscle spindle

Question 5

What fires the same time as the alpha motor neuron to contract the edges of the muscle spindle

Answer 5

gamma motor neuron

Question 6

muscle spindles ending in central region of intrafusal fibers

Answer 6

Sensory axon

Question 7

Types of sensory axons int he muscle spindles

Answer 7

Ia primaryII secondary

Question 8

Sensitive to low amplitude, high velocity stretch inputsresult of activation is autogenic facilitation and reciprocal inhibition

Answer 8

Ia primary sensory ending

Question 9

Sensitive to slow, sustained stretchactivation results less clear

Answer 9

II secondary sensory ending

Question 10

Innervate intrafusal fibers (polar regions)Cell bodies in ventral horn of spinal cord (with alpha motor neuron)Not involved in stretch reflex pathway

Answer 10

Gamma motor neuron

Question 11

Loss of normal alpha-gamma coactivationslack spindle, no input

Answer 11

hypotonia

Question 12

a hypertonia condition that is velocity dependent and associated with hyperreflexia

Answer 12

Spasticity

Question 13

Severe, constant hypertonia that is not velocity dependent

Answer 13

Rigidity

Question 14

Alpha motor neurons are more sensitive to input due to net increase in excitatory synaptic input and or net decrease in inhibitory synaptic inputs

Answer 14

Neural causes of hypertonia

Question 15

Immobilization has effect of changing visco-elastic propertiesChange in muscle fiber structure

Answer 15

Non neural causes of hypertonia

Question 16

Types of tone

Answer 16

Clasp knifecog wheellead pipe

Question 17

Most resistance at the beginning

Answer 17

clasp knife (swiss army knife)

Question 18

Resistance throughout the range

Answer 18

Cog wheel

Question 19

High level of resistance throughout

Answer 19

Lead pipe

Question 20

modified ashworth scaleno increase in muscle tone

Answer 20

1

Question 21

modified ashworth scaleslight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part is moved in flexion or extension

Answer 21

1

Question 22

modified ashworth scaleSlight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder of the ROM

Answer 22

1+

Question 23

modified ashworth scalemore marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part easily moved

Answer 23

2

Question 24

modified ashworth scaleConsiderable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

Answer 24

3

Question 25

modified ashworth scaleaffected parts rigid in flexion or extension

Answer 25

4

Question 26

modified ashworth scaleUnable to test

Answer 26

9

Question 27

x= spasticity angle (threshold)y= spasticity grade (gain)

Answer 27

Tardieu scale

Question 28

Tardieu scaleno resistance

Answer 28

0

Question 29

Tardieu scaleslight resistance

Answer 29

1

Question 30

Tardieu scale clear catch, interrupting movement

Answer 30

2

Question 31

Tardieu scaleFatigable clonus

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Tardieu scaleUnfatigable clonus

Answer 32

4

Question 33

pharmacological treatment for hypertonicity

Answer 33

baclofenvaliumbotox injection

Question 34

multi muscle activation problems

Answer 34

Sequencing problemsAbnormal synergies

Question 35

Coactivation across joint

Answer 35

sequencing problems

Question 36

inability to move a single joint without simultaneous movement in other joints

Answer 36

Abnormal synergies

Question 37

Brunnstrom stages after stroke

Answer 37

UE" flexor synergy is greater than extensorLE: extensor synergy is greater than flexor

Question 38

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyno movement

Answer 38

stage 1

Question 39

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyinvoluntary movement only

Answer 39

stage 2

Question 40

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyabnormal synergy only

Answer 40

stage 3

Question 41

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyisolate one joint

Answer 41

stage 4

Question 42

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyisolate 2 joints

Answer 42

stage 5

Question 43

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyisolate all joints

Answer 43

stage 6

Question 44

Brunnstrom Stages of synergy normal movements

Answer 44

stage 7

Question 45

activation problems in the LE

Answer 45

standing transfersgait

Question 46

activation problems in the UE

Answer 46

manipulation and dexterity

Question 47

tests for motor control or rehab assessment after stroke

Answer 47

Fugl meyerStreamS-Stream