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Step 2 CK > Top 100 > Flashcards

Top 100 Flashcards

1
Q

6 causes of exogenous hyponatremia?

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Narcotics
  3. Excess IVF administration
  4. Diuretics
  5. Antiepileptics
  6. Surgery
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2
Q

EKG in hyperkalemia?

A

Tall, tented T waves

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3
Q

EKG in hypokalemia?

A

T-wave loss/flattening

U waves

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4
Q

EKG in hypocalcemia?

A

QT prolongation

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5
Q

EKG in hypercalcemia?

A

QT shortening

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6
Q

5 examples of hypercoag states?

A
  1. malignancy
  2. pregnancy
  3. OCPs
  4. lupus anticoagulant
  5. inherited deficiences
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7
Q

Mainstay therapy for CHF? (3)

What should you also do?

A
  1. Diuretic (i.e. Furosemide)
  2. BB
  3. ACE-I

*Screen for modifiable risk factors (smoking, HLD)

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8
Q

How to assess cause of AFib (3)

A
  1. TSH
  2. Electrolytes
  3. Echo
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9
Q

Mgmt of pulseless VTach + VFib (5)

A
  1. IMMEDIATE DEFIBRILLATION
  2. Epi
  3. Vasopressin
  4. Amiodarone
  5. Lidocaine
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10
Q

Mgmt of VTach w/ a pulse? (2)

A

Amiodarone

Synchronized cardioversion

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11
Q

Most common type of esophageal cancer? Cause?

A

Adenocarcinoma, 2/2 long-standing reflux (Barrett’s)

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12
Q

2nd most common type of EsoCA? 2 causes?

A

SCC

Smoking, EtOH

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13
Q

Mgmt of gastric ulcers (A + B)?

A

A.) All should be biopsy

B.) OR followed until resolution

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14
Q

Best first step to distinguish LGIB from UGIB?

A

Test NG aspirate for blood

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15
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: place of origin?

A

CD: RLQ / TI (distal ileum, pros colon)

UC: rectum

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16
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: thickness?

A

CD: transmural

UC: mucosa/submucosa

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17
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: progression?

A

CD: skip lesions

UC: continuous from rectum

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18
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: location?

A

CD: mouth to anus

UC: colon only, rarely ileum

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19
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: bowel habit changes?

A

CD: abd pain, obstruction

UC: bloody diarrhea

20
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: classic pathologic lesions

A

CD:

  1. fistulas
  2. abscesses
  3. cobblestoning

UC:

  1. pseudopolyps
  2. toxic megacolon
21
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: barium XR findings?

A

CD: string sign

UC: lead pipe colon

22
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: colon cancer risk?

A

CD: slightly increased

UC: markedly increased

23
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: surgery?

A

CD: no (make make worse)

UC: yes, proctocolectomy w/ ileoanal anastomosis

24
Q

Screening for hemochromatosis (2)?

A
  1. Transferrin saturation (serum iron/total iron binding capacity)
  2. Ferritin level
25
Q

Lung cancer sequelae (6)?

A
  1. Hemoptysis
  2. Horner syndrome
  3. SVC syndrome
  4. Hoarseness (recurrent laryngeal nerve)
  5. Diaphragm paralysis (phrenic nerve)
  6. Paraneoplastic syndromes
26
Q

4 paraneoplastic syndromes a/w lung cancer?

A
  1. Cushing syndrome
  2. SIADH
  3. Hypercalcemia
  4. Eaton-Lambert Syndrome
27
Q

OCPs or HRT increase the risk of ___________ cancer?

A

Endometrial

28
Q

Patients on combined Progesterone-Estrogen OCPs have an increased risk of __________ and ________?

A

CAD

Breast CA

29
Q

Common causes of bronchiolitis? Most common age? Treatment?

A

> 75% from RSV > Parainfluenza > Influenza
Age 0-18 months
Tx: humidified O2, bronchodilators (efficacy unknown), Ribavarin for severe cases

30
Q

Common causes of Croup? Other name? Ages? Tx?

A

Acute Laryngotracheitis
Parainfluenza, 1-2 y/o
Tx: Dexamethasone, Neb Epi, Humidifed O2

31
Q

Epiglottis causes? Common age? Tx?

A

Haemophilus influenza > Staph > Strep
2-5 years
Tx: secure airway, abx (3rd gen cephalosporin AND antistaph agent w/ MRSA coverage i.e. Vanc, Clinda)

32
Q

APAP overdose antidote?

A

N-acetylcysteine

33
Q

Benzo overdose antidote?

A

Flumazenil

34
Q

Beta blocker overdose antidote?

A

Glucagon

35
Q

Carbon monoxide tx?

A

100% O2, hyperbaric if severe

36
Q

Cholinergic toxicity tx? (2)

A

Atropine - blocks peripheral Ach on muscarinic R

Pralidoxime - reactivates AchE

37
Q

Copper or gold antidote?

A

Penicillamine

38
Q

Digoxin overdose antidote?

A

Normalize K+ and other lytes

Dig antibodies

39
Q

Iron toxicity antidote?

A

Defuroxamine

40
Q

Lead toxicity antidote? In peds?

A

Edetate (EDTA)

Succumer in kids

41
Q

Methanol or Eythlene Glycol toxicity antidote? (2)

A

Fomepizole

Ethanol

42
Q

Muscarinic blocker

A

Physostigmine

43
Q

Opioid antidote?

A

Naloxone

44
Q

TCA overdose antidote for cardioprotection?

A

Sodium bicarb

45
Q

Quinidine overdose antidote?

A

Sodium bicarb

Step 2 CK (2 decks)

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