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Top 100 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

6 causes of exogenous hyponatremia?

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Narcotics
  3. Excess IVF administration
  4. Diuretics
  5. Antiepileptics
  6. Surgery
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2
Q

EKG in hyperkalemia?

A

Tall, tented T waves

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3
Q

EKG in hypokalemia?

A

T-wave loss/flattening

U waves

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4
Q

EKG in hypocalcemia?

A

QT prolongation

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5
Q

EKG in hypercalcemia?

A

QT shortening

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6
Q

5 examples of hypercoag states?

A
  1. malignancy
  2. pregnancy
  3. OCPs
  4. lupus anticoagulant
  5. inherited deficiences
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7
Q

Mainstay therapy for CHF? (3)

What should you also do?

A
  1. Diuretic (i.e. Furosemide)
  2. BB
  3. ACE-I

*Screen for modifiable risk factors (smoking, HLD)

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8
Q

How to assess cause of AFib (3)

A
  1. TSH
  2. Electrolytes
  3. Echo
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9
Q

Mgmt of pulseless VTach + VFib (5)

A
  1. IMMEDIATE DEFIBRILLATION
  2. Epi
  3. Vasopressin
  4. Amiodarone
  5. Lidocaine
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10
Q

Mgmt of VTach w/ a pulse? (2)

A

Amiodarone

Synchronized cardioversion

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11
Q

Most common type of esophageal cancer? Cause?

A

Adenocarcinoma, 2/2 long-standing reflux (Barrett’s)

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12
Q

2nd most common type of EsoCA? 2 causes?

A

SCC

Smoking, EtOH

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13
Q

Mgmt of gastric ulcers (A + B)?

A

A.) All should be biopsy

B.) OR followed until resolution

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14
Q

Best first step to distinguish LGIB from UGIB?

A

Test NG aspirate for blood

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15
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: place of origin?

A

CD: RLQ / TI (distal ileum, pros colon)

UC: rectum

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16
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: thickness?

A

CD: transmural

UC: mucosa/submucosa

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17
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: progression?

A

CD: skip lesions

UC: continuous from rectum

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18
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: location?

A

CD: mouth to anus

UC: colon only, rarely ileum

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19
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: bowel habit changes?

Study These Flashcards
A

CD: abd pain, obstruction

UC: bloody diarrhea

20
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: classic pathologic lesions

Study These Flashcards
A

CD:

  1. fistulas
  2. abscesses
  3. cobblestoning

UC:

  1. pseudopolyps
  2. toxic megacolon
21
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: barium XR findings?

Study These Flashcards
A

CD: string sign

UC: lead pipe colon

22
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: colon cancer risk?

Study These Flashcards
A

CD: slightly increased

UC: markedly increased

23
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC: surgery?

Study These Flashcards
A

CD: no (make make worse)

UC: yes, proctocolectomy w/ ileoanal anastomosis

24
Q

Screening for hemochromatosis (2)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Transferrin saturation (serum iron/total iron binding capacity)
  2. Ferritin level
25
Lung cancer sequelae (6)?
1. Hemoptysis 2. Horner syndrome 3. SVC syndrome 4. Hoarseness (recurrent laryngeal nerve) 5. Diaphragm paralysis (phrenic nerve) 6. Paraneoplastic syndromes
26
4 paraneoplastic syndromes a/w lung cancer?
1. Cushing syndrome 2. SIADH 3. Hypercalcemia 4. Eaton-Lambert Syndrome
27
OCPs or HRT increase the risk of ___________ cancer?
Endometrial
28
Patients on combined Progesterone-Estrogen OCPs have an increased risk of __________ and ________?
CAD | Breast CA
29
Common causes of bronchiolitis? Most common age? Treatment?
>75% from RSV > Parainfluenza > Influenza Age 0-18 months Tx: humidified O2, bronchodilators (efficacy unknown), Ribavarin for severe cases
30
Common causes of Croup? Other name? Ages? Tx?
Acute Laryngotracheitis Parainfluenza, 1-2 y/o Tx: Dexamethasone, Neb Epi, Humidifed O2
31
Epiglottis causes? Common age? Tx?
Haemophilus influenza > Staph > Strep 2-5 years Tx: secure airway, abx (3rd gen cephalosporin AND antistaph agent w/ MRSA coverage i.e. Vanc, Clinda)
32
APAP overdose antidote?
N-acetylcysteine
33
Benzo overdose antidote?
Flumazenil
34
Beta blocker overdose antidote?
Glucagon
35
Carbon monoxide tx?
100% O2, hyperbaric if severe
36
Cholinergic toxicity tx? (2)
Atropine - blocks peripheral Ach on muscarinic R | Pralidoxime - reactivates AchE
37
Copper or gold antidote?
Penicillamine
38
Digoxin overdose antidote?
Normalize K+ and other lytes | Dig antibodies
39
Iron toxicity antidote?
Defuroxamine
40
Lead toxicity antidote? In peds?
Edetate (EDTA) | Succumer in kids
41
Methanol or Eythlene Glycol toxicity antidote? (2)
Fomepizole | Ethanol
42
Muscarinic blocker
Physostigmine
43
Opioid antidote?
Naloxone
44
TCA overdose antidote for cardioprotection?
Sodium bicarb
45
Quinidine overdose antidote?
Sodium bicarb

Step 2 CK (2 decks)

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