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Top 100 drugs Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

finasteride Class

A

5a-reductase inh

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2
Q

finasteride Mechanism

A

inh 5a-reductase (T ➝ DHT); DHT ↑ prostatic growth

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3
Q

finasteride Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (2nd line after a-blockers; 5mg OD) Ⅱ androgenetic alopecia in men (1mg OD)

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4
Q

finasteride Interactions

A

-

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5
Q

finasteride Side effects

A

antiandrogen - impotence & ↓ libido (transient), breast tenderness and gynaecomastia (see doctor), hair growth, breast cancer; depression and suicidal thoughts

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6
Q

finasteride Patient groups

A

✘pregnant women - avoid exposure (broken tablets and semen) - abnormal genitals in male fetus

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7
Q

finasteride Administration

A

swallow whole

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8
Q

dutasteride Class

A

5a-reductase inh

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9
Q

dutasteride Mechanism

A

inh 5a-reductase (T ➝ DHT); DHT ↑ prostatic growth

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10
Q

dutasteride Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (2nd line after a-blockers; 500mcg OD)

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11
Q

dutasteride Interactions

A

↑↑ - ↑exposure to dutasteride

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12
Q

dutasteride Side effects

A

antiandrogen - impotence and ↓ libido (transient), breast tenderness and gynaecomastia (see doctor), hair growth, breast cancer; depression

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13
Q

dutasteride Patient groups

A

✘pregnant women - avoid exposure (broken capsules and semen) - abnormal genitals in male fetus ✘severe hepatic impairment

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14
Q

dutasteride Administration

A

-

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15
Q

doxazosin Class

A

a-blockers

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16
Q

doxazosin Mechanism

A

↑ a1-adrenoceptor selective (smooth muscle - blood vessels, urinary tract) - blockade → relaxation

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17
Q

doxazosin Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ resistant hypertension (add-on if other meds insufficient; 1mg OD/4mg MR OD start, max 16mg/8mg MR OD) Ⅱ benign prostatic hyperplasia (1st line when lifestyle changes insufficient; 1mg OD/4mg MR OD start, max 8mg/8mg MR OD)

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18
Q

doxazosin Interactions

A

other BP meds, esp b-blockers - avoid 1st dose hypotension omitting some doses

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19
Q

doxazosin Side effects

A

postural hypotension, dizziness, syncope - esp after 1st dose

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20
Q

doxazosin Patient groups

A

✘history of postural hypotension ✘history of micturition syncope ▲care with initial dose (postural hypotension) ▲heart failure ✘severe hepatic impairment (↑half-life)

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21
Q

doxazosin Administration

A

at night initially (marked BP lowering effect)

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22
Q

tamsulosin Class

A

a-blockers

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23
Q

tamsulosin Mechanism

A

↑ a1-adrenoceptor selective (smooth muscle - blood vessels, urinary tract) - blockade → relaxation

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24
Q

tamsulosin Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (1st line when lifestyle changes insufficient; 400mcg OD)

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25
tamsulosin Interactions
other BP meds, esp b-blockers - avoid 1st dose hypotension omitting some doses
26
tamsulosin Side effects
postural hypotension, dizziness, syncope - esp after 1st dose
27
tamsulosin Patient groups
✘history of postural hypotension ✘history of micturition syncope ▲care with initial dose (postural hypotension) ▲renal impairment ✘severe hepatic impairment
28
tamsulosin Administration
swallow whole (as MR)
29
alfuzosin Class
a-blockers
30
alfuzosin Mechanism
↑ a1-adrenoceptor selective (smooth muscle - blood vessels, urinary tract) - blockade → relaxation
31
alfuzosin Indications and Dose
Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (1st line when lifestyle changes insufficient; 2.5mg TDS/10mg MR OD, max 10mg OD) Ⅱ acute urinary retention in BPH (10mg MR OD 2-3d, max 4d)
32
alfuzosin Interactions
other BP meds, esp b-blockers - avoid 1st dose hypotension omitting some doses
33
alfuzosin Side effects
postural hypotension, dizziness, syncope - esp after 1st dose
34
alfuzosin Patient groups
✘history of postural hypotension ✘history of micturition syncope ▲care with initial dose (postural hypotension) ▲heart failure ▲renal impairment ✘severe hepatic impairment (↑half-life)
35
alfuzosin Administration
-
36
donepezil Class
AChE inh (rev)
37
donepezil Mechanism
inh ACE ➝ ↑ACh (learning & memory)
38
donepezil Indications and Dose
Ⅰ dementia in Alzheimer's (mild-moderate; 5mg ON, max 10mg ON)
39
donepezil Interactions
▲NSAIDs, corticoids - peptic ulcer ▲antipsychotics - neuroleptic malignant syndrome ▲b-blockers - bradycardia, heart block
40
donepezil Side effects
↑cholinergic in PNS - nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, exacerbation of asthma & COPD, peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block; ↑cholinergic in CNS - hallucinations, aggressive, extrapiramidal, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
41
donepezil Patient groups
▲asthma ▲COPD ▲peptic ulcers ✘heart block ✘sick sinus syndrome ▲mild-moderate hepatic impairment (↑exposure)
42
donepezil Administration
if vivid dreams, take OM
43
rivastigmine Class
AChE inh (rev)
44
rivastigmine Mechanism
inh ACE ➝ ↑ACh (learning & memory)
45
rivastigmine Indications and Dose
Ⅰ dementia in Alzheimer's (mild-moderate; 1.5mg BD start, 3-6mg BD; TDP) Ⅱ dementia in Parkinson's (mild-moderate; 1.5mg BD start, 3-6mg BD)
46
rivastigmine Interactions
▲NSAIDs, corticoids - peptic ulcer ▲antipsychotics - neuroleptic malignant syndrome ▲b-blockers - bradycardia, heart block
47
rivastigmine Side effects
↑cholinergic in PNS - nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, exacerbation of asthma & COPD, peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block; ↑cholinergic in CNS - hallucinations, aggressive, extrapiramidal, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
48
rivastigmine Patient groups
▲asthma ▲COPD ▲peptic ulcers ✘heart block ✘sick sinus syndrome ▲mild-moderate hepatic impairment (↑exposure)
49
rivastigmine Administration
with food; swallow whole
50
galantamine Class
AChE inh (rev); nicotinic R agonist
51
galantamine Mechanism
inh ACE ➝ ↑ACh (learning & memory)
52
galantamine Indications and Dose
Ⅰ dementia in Alzheimer's (mild-moderately severe; 8-12mg BD/16-24mg MR OD)
53
galantamine Interactions
▲NSAIDs, corticoids - peptic ulcer ▲antipsychotics - neuroleptic malignant syndrome ▲b-blockers - bradycardia, heart block
54
galantamine Side effects
↑cholinergic in PNS - nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, exacerbation of asthma & COPD, peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block; ↑cholinergic in CNS - hallucinations, aggressive, extrapiramidal, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; serious skin reactions
55
galantamine Patient groups
▲asthma ▲COPD ▲peptic ulcers ✘heart block ✘sick sinus syndrome ▲mild-moderate hepatic impairment (↑exposure) ▲pregnancy and breast-feeding
56
galantamine Administration
with food
57
N-acetylcysteine Class
antidote; mucolytic; lubricant
58
N-acetylcysteine Mechanism
↑glutathione (paracetamol ➝ NAPQI ➝ detox with glutathione); breaks disulphide bonds in mucus matrix ➝ ↓viscosity
59
N-acetylcysteine Indications and Dose
Ⅰ paracetamol overdosage (IV infusion) Ⅱ mucolytic in hospital (outside - carbocysteine; 600mg OD) Ⅲ tear deficiency/impaired mucus production (apply TDS/QDS to eye)
60
N-acetylcysteine Interactions
-
61
N-acetylcysteine Side effects
IV - anaphylactoid reaction (nausea, tachycardia, rash, wheeze) - give antihistamine ± bronchodilator
62
N-acetylcysteine Patient groups
▲asthma ▲atopy ▲peptic ulcers
63
N-acetylcysteine Administration
hospital
64
activated charcoal Class
intestinal adsorbent
65
activated charcoal Mechanism
charcoal adsorbes weakly ionic hydrophobic molecules (due to VdW forces) ➝ ↓absorption, ↑elimination
66
activated charcoal Indications and Dose
Ⅰ ↓absorption of poisons in GI system (single dose) Ⅱ ↑elimination of poisons (multiple doses)
67
activated charcoal Interactions
↓absorption of drugs taken therapeutically as well as in overdose
68
activated charcoal Side effects
if aspirated - serious pulmonary complications; GI obstruction
69
activated charcoal Patient groups
▲↓consciousness (aspiration) ▲vomiting (aspiration) ▲gut motility (obstruction)
70
activated charcoal Administration
mixed with water (suspension)

MPharm (1 decks)

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