Top 3

Question 1

Dense liver

Answer 1

Iron deposition
Amiodarone
Glycogen storage disease
Also consider Gold, Thorotrast

Question 2

Nodular liver contour

Answer 2

Cirrhosis
Treated mets
Budd-Chiari
Also consider: Schistosomiasis, confluent hepatic fibrosis

Question 3

Esophogeal diverticulum

Answer 3

Proximal pulsion - Zenker, Kilian Jamieson
Distal pulsion - epiphrenice
Mid traction
Also consider intramural pseudodiverticulosis

Question 4

Solitary hypodense, hypovascular liver mass

Answer 4

Cyst, solitary met, abscess

Also consider: cholangiocarc, biliary cystadenoma, trauma

Question 5

Multiple hypodene liver lesions

Answer 5

Cyst, mets, abscesses

Also consider cholangiocarc

Question 6

RUQ cystic mass child

Answer 6

Choledochal, pseudocyst, duplication cyst or diverticulum

Also consider: ovarian cystic lesion, mesenteric cyst

Question 7

Esophageal submucosal masses / thickened folds

Answer 7

Varices, reflux, caricinoma

Question 8

Esophageal dilatation

Answer 8

Achalasia, scleroderma, gastric or oesophageal Ca.

Also consider: esophagitis with stricture, post surgical vagotomy

Question 9

Esophageal pseudodiverticuli

Answer 9

Reflux oesophagitis, candida oesophagitis, superficial spreading carcinoma
Also consider: drug-induced oesophagitis

Question 10

Esophageal ulcers

Answer 10

Reflux oesophagitis, viral oesophagitis (CMV, HIV, HSV), Drug induced oesophagitis
Also consider: caustic, cancer

Question 11

Solid pancreatic mass

Answer 11

Adeno, islet cell, SPEN

Also consider: lymphoma, mets

Question 12

Linitis plastica

Answer 12

Gastric Ca, Mets, lymphoma

Also consider: Crohn’s

Question 13

Gastric ulcer

Answer 13

PUD, ca, lymphoma

Also consider: mets, Zollinger-Ellison

Question 14

Thickened gastric folds

Answer 14

Hypertrophic gastritis, Ca, lymphoma

Also consider: menetriers, mets

Question 15

Caecal mass

Answer 15

Appendicitis/abscess, Caecal/appendiceal Ca, appendiceal mucocele
Also consider, lymphoma, adnexal mass

Question 16

Mesenteric mass

Answer 16

Mets, carcinoid, desmoid (Fibrosing mesenteritis)

Also consider: reactive lymphadenopathy (TB, MAC, Whipples), mesothelioma

Question 17

Terminal Ileum thickening

Answer 17

IBD, infection (TB, bacterial), lymphoma

Also consider ischaemia, mets

Question 18

Colon wall thickening

Answer 18

Infection, IBD, Ca.

Also consider Ischaemia

Question 19

Small bowel wall thickening

Answer 19

Crohns, lymphoma, haemorrhage

Also consider: mets, amyloid, Whipples

Question 20

Short segment oesophageal stricture

Answer 20

Reflux, drug-indiced, Ca

Question 21

Long segment oesophageal stricture

Answer 21

Iatrogenic (NG), caustic, radiation

Question 22

Small bowel dilatation

Answer 22

Obstruction, ileus, coeliac sprue

Also consider scleroderma

Question 23

Cystic pancreatic mass

Answer 23

Pseudocyst, mucinous, serous

Also consider IPMN, SPEN

Question 24

Hypervascular liver mass

Answer 24

Haemangioma, FNH, HCC

Also consider adenoma, mets

Question 25

Multiple splenic masses

Answer 25

Mets, lymphoma/leukamia, abscesses | Also consider granulomas (TB, sarcoid), infarcts

Question 26

Intrahepatic biliary ductal strictures

Answer 26

PSC, ascending cholangitis, AIDS cholangiopathy | Also consider neoplasia, posttransplant ischaemia

Question 27

Solitary renal mass

Answer 27

RCC, oncocytoma, AML | Also consider TCC, lymphoma

Question 28

Multiple bilateral renal masses

Answer 28

Lymphoma, infection, RCC | Also consider: AML, mets

Question 29

Cystic renal mass

Answer 29

Complex cyst, cystic neoplasm (RCC adult, Wilms child), multilocular cystic nephroma Also consider: MCDK (focal), abscess

Question 30

Retroperitoneal mass

Answer 30

Retroperitoneal haemorrhage, lymphadenopathy, abscess | Also consider retroperitoneal fibrosis, sarcoma

Question 31

Cortical nephrocalcinosis

Answer 31

Acute renal cortical necrosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, oxalosis Also consider transplant rejection, Alports

Question 32

Medullary nephrocalcinosis

Answer 32

Hypercalcuria, MSK, RTA (type 1) | Also consider: papillary necrosis (analgesic nephropathy, furosemide (newborn), TB

Question 33

Striated nephrogram

Answer 33

Infection, urinary obstruction, renal vein thrombosis | Also consider contusions, hypotension

Question 34

Papillary necrosis

Answer 34

Diabetes, analgesics, infection especially TB | Also consider sickle cell, obstruction, renal vein thrombosis

Question 35

Renal cortical defect

Answer 35

Reflux, chronic infection, infarct | Also consider: vasculitis, partial nephrectomy

Question 36

Renal pelvic mass

Answer 36

TCC, multilocular cystic nephroma, medullary carcinoma | Also consider other RCC

Question 37

Medially deviated ureters

Answer 37

Retroperitoneal fibrosis, psoas muscle hypertrophy, pelvic lipomatosis Also consider retrocaval uterer (unilateral), post-op

Question 38

Ureteral filling defect

Answer 38

TCC, radiolucent calculi, ureteritis cystica | Also consider blood clot, fungal ball, mets

Question 39

Bladder filling defect

Answer 39

TCC, fungal ball, blood clot | Also consider calculus, extrinsic compression

Question 40

Bilateral renal cysts

Answer 40

ADPKD, ESRF (haemodialysis), VHL | Also consider: TS

Question 41

Pear-shaped bladder

Answer 41

Pelvic haematoma, lymphadenopathy, pelvic lipomatosis | Also consider: psoas hypertrophy, iliac artery aneurysm

Question 42

Prostate enlargement

Answer 42

BPH, ca, prostatitis

Question 43

Bladder wall calcification

Answer 43

TCC, Shisto, cystitis (cytotoxin or radiation) | Also consider TB, urachal Ca

Question 44

Adrenal mass

Answer 44

Adenoma, mets, haemorrhage | Also consider: phaeo, myelolipoma, cortical carcinoma

Question 45

Fatty retroperitoneal mass

Answer 45

AML, adrenal myelolipoma, liposarcoma | Also consider RCC

Question 46

Dilated ureter

Answer 46

Obstruction, reflux, primary megaureter | Also consider: Prune-Belly

Question 47

Ureteric stricture

Answer 47

Post-trauma, post-infection / inflammation, neoplasia