TOP NOTCH 2A Flashcards
(335 cards)
0
Q
What do you do for a living?
A
What do you do for a living?
چه کار می کنی؟
1
Q
Break the ice
A
break the ice
( informal) to make people feel more friendly and willing to talk to each other :
1. Sam’s arrival broke the ice and people began to talk and laugh.
سر صحبت را باز کرددن
2
Q
What have you been up to?
A
What have you been up to?
چه خبرا؟
3
Q
Broth
A
broth / brɒθ $ brɒːθ / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
@soup with meat, rice, or vegetables :
1. chicken broth
خورشت
4
Q
Notary
A
no‧ta‧ry / ˈnəʊtəri $ ˈnoʊ- / ( also ˌnotary ˈpublic ) noun ( plural notaries ) [ countable ]
@ someone, especially a lawyer, who has the legal power to make a signed statement or document official
Notary office:
محضر،دفتر اسناد رسمى
5
Q
Appointment
A
ap‧point‧ment S2 W2 / əˈpɔɪntmənt / noun
@ [ countable ] an arrangement for a meeting at an agreed time and place, for a particular purpose
1- I’d like to make an appointment to see the doctor.
2- He has an appointment with a client at 10.30.
Appointment:
نوبت
6
Q
The paper
A
The paper:
روزنامه
7
Q
Coke
A
Coke:
نوشابه
8
Q
What would you say to some tea?
A
what do you say?
@ used to ask someone if they agree with a suggestion:
1- We could go into partnership – what do you say?
2- What do you say we all go to a movie?
3- What would you say to a meal out?
4- What would you say to some tea? ( چای می خواهی؟ )
9
Q
I wouldn’t mind
A
I wouldn’t mind:
نیکی و پرسش!
I wouldn’t mind (doing) something
@ used to say that you would like something:
1- ‘Can I get you anything to drink?’ ‘I wouldn’t mind a coffee.’
2- She’s gorgeous! I wouldn’t mind looking like that!
Gorgeous:
نمايش دار،با جلوه ،زرق و برق دار،مجلل
10
Q
That movie was bad
A
That movie was bad:
عالی بود.
Bad:
)adj) (Canadian and U.S. Slang) good; excellent, great, wonderful
11
Q
All set
A
All set:
ready
[Not before noun] (Informal)
@ someone who is set for something is ready for it
1- Are you all set for the trip?
2- I was just set to go when the phone rang.
3- Get set (= get ready) for a night of excitement.
12
Q
Cairo
A
Cai‧ro / ˈkaɪ ə rəʊ /
@ the capital and largest city of Egypt.
قاهره
13
Q
Front desk
A
ˌfront ˈdesk noun [ uncountable ]
@ the desk where visitors go when they arrive at a hotel or organization
SYN reception, reception desk, guest registration desk at a hotel
14
Q
Souvenir
A
sou‧ve‧nir / ˌsuːvəˈnɪə,ˈsuːvənɪə $ -nɪr / noun [ countable ]
@ an object that you buy or keep to remind yourself of a special occasion or a place you have visited.
SYN memento
1. I bought a model of the Eiffel Tower as a souvenir of Paris.
2. a souvenir shop
15
Q
Acquainted
A
ac‧quaint‧ed / əˈkweɪntəd, əˈkweɪntɪd / adjective [ not before noun ]
@ if you are acquainted with someone, you have met them a few times but do not know them very well
1. Were you acquainted with a friend of mine, Daniel Green?
2. We would like to get better acquainted.
16
Q
Gesture
A
ges‧ture 1 / ˈdʒestʃə $ -ər / noun
@ [ uncountable and countable ] a movement of part of your body, especially your hands or head, to show what you mean or how you feel
in a … gesture (of something)
- Jim raised his hands in a despairing gesture.
- Luke made an obscene gesture with his finger.
gesture 2 verb [ intransitive ]
@ to move your hand, arm, or head to tell someone something, or show them what you mean
gesture to/towards/at
1. Brad gestured towards the door. ‘Get out.’
gesture for somebody to do something
2. He gestured for her to take a seat.
17
Q
Custom
A
cus‧tom 1 W3 / ˈkʌstəm / noun
@[ uncountable and countable ] something that is done by people in a particular society because it is traditional
SYN: tradition
1. The guide offers information on local customs.
it is the custom (for somebody) to do something
2. It’s the custom for the bride’s father to pay for the wedding.
Custom:
رسم ،سنت
Custom [ singular ] (formal)
@ something that you usually do every day, or in a particular situation
SYN habit :
1. He awoke early, as was his custom.
18
Q
Bow
A
bow 1 / baʊ / verb
@ [ intransitive ] to bend the top part of your body forward in order to show respect for someone important, or as a way of thanking an audience :
1. She bowed and left the stage.
2. Corbett entered the room, bowing respectfully.
Bow: تعظيم کردن Bend: خم کردن ، خميدگي ، پيچ Audience: حضار،مستمعين ،شنودگان
19
Q
Hug
A
hug 1 / hʌɡ / verb [ transitive ]
@ To put your arms around someone and hold them tightly to show love or friendship
SYN embrace:
1. We stood there crying and hugging each other.
2. She went to her daughter and hugged her tightly.
Hug:
دراغوش گرفتن ،بغل کردن ،محکم گرفتن
hug 2 noun [ countable ]
@ The action of putting your arms around someone and holding them tightly to show love or friendship
SYN embrace:
1. Paul gave me a big hug.
2. Nesta greeted the visitors with hugs and kisses.
20
Q
Small talk
A
ˈsmall talk noun [ uncountable ]
@ polite friendly conversation about unimportant subjects :
1. We stood around making small talk .
@ the topics people talk about when they don’t know each other well.
21
Q
Rude
A
rude S3 / ruːd / adjective
@ speaking or behaving in a way that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people
SYN impolite OPP polite :
1. a rude remark
2. I didn’t mean to be rude, but I had to leave early.
3. Why are you so rude to her?
@ rude jokes, words, songs etc are about sex
SYN dirty American English
Rude:
خشن ،زمخت ،ناهموار،خام ،گستاخ ،جسور
22
Q
In touch
A
@ in touch (with somebody)
Talking or writing to someone :
1. We’ll get in touch (= start talking or writing to you) as soon as we know the results of the test.
2. Can I have your phone number in case I need to get in touch with you?
3. Bye. I’ll be in touch .
4. Are you still in touch with John (= are you talking to him regularly)?
5. I’m in close touch with Anna.
Stay/keep in touch
(= keep writing or talking, even though you do not see each other often)
1. Anyway, we must stay in touch.
2. I met him when I worked in Madrid, and I’ve kept in touch with him ever since.
3. I lost touch with (= stopped writing or talking to ) Julie after we moved.
4. I can put you in touch with a local photography club (= give you their address or phone number so you can talk to them) .
Ever since:
از وقتى که ،از ان وقت تاکنون
23
Q
I could show you around
A
I could show you around:
@ You say this when you want to offer to introduce someone to a new place.
24
You look familiar
You look familiar:
| @ You say this when you’re not sure if you know someone, but you think you might.
25
Grammar
| The present perfect
Grammar:
The present perfect:
@ Use the present perfect to talk about an indefinite time in the past.
@ Use the simple past tense to talk about a definite or specific time.
Present perfect: indefinite time.
1- I’ve met Bill twice.
Simple past tense: definite time.
2- WE met in 1999 and again in 2004.
@Form the present perfect with “have” or “has” and a past participle.
- For regular verbs, the past participle form is the same as the simple past form:
3- Open ----- opened
4- Study ----- studied
-
5- We’ve met them.
6- We haven’t met them.
7- Have you met them? / Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
8- She’s called him.
9- She hasn’t called him
10- Has she called him? / Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Information questions:
@Form information questions by inverting “have” and the subject of the sentence.
11- What have you seen in Paris?
12- What (or which) countries have you visited?
13- Where has she found the best souvenirs?
14- How have your partners been?
15- How many cities have you visited this week?
16- Who have you traveled with?
@ Note: When “who” is the subject of the sentence, there is no inversion.
17- Who has traveled to Miami in the last two months?
Use and placement of “yet” and “already”:
@ Use “already” in affirmative statements. Place “already” before the main verb or at the end of the statement.
18- I have already read the book. OR I’ve read the book already.
@ Use “yet” in negative statements. Place “yet” at the end of the statement or between “have” and the base form.
19- I haven’t read the book yet. OR I haven’t yet read the book.
@Use “yet” or “already” in questions.
20- Have you read the book yet?
21- OR Have you already read the book?
22- OR Have you read the book already?
Be careful:
@ Don’t use “yet” in affirmative statements. Don’t use “already” in negative statements.
23- DON’T SAY Yes, I’ve read the book yet.
24- DON’T SAY No, I haven’t already read the book.
@ Don’t use ever with yet or already.
25- DON’T SAY Have you “ever” read the book “yet”?
26- DON’T SAY Have you “ever” read the book already?
Ever, never, and before.
@ Use “ever” in questions. Use “never” in negative statements and short answers. Do not use “ever” in affirmative statements.
27- Have you “ever” made sushi? Yes, I have. OR Yes, I’ve made sushi. NOT Yes, I’ve “ever” made sushi.
28- Have you “ever” made sushi? No, I “never” have. OR No, I’ve “never” made sushi.
@ You can also use “before” in negative statements with “never”.
29- I’ve “never” been to Thailand “before”.
@ In very informal speech, “ever” is sometimes used to strongly emphasize “never”. This meaning of “ever” is similar to “in my whole life”.
30- I’ve “never ever” been to Thailand.
26
Irregular verb
| Be:
Irregular verb
Be:
Simple past: was/ were
Present perfect: been
27
Irregular verb
| Begin:
Irregular verb
Begin: /bɪˈɡɪn/
Simple past: began /-ˈɡæn/
Present perfect: begun /-ˈɡʌn/
28
Irregular verb
| Break:
Irregular verb
Break:
Simple past: broke
Present perfect: broken
29
Irregular verb
| Bring:
Irregular verb
Bring:
Simple past: brought
Present perfect: brought
30
Irregular verb:
| Build:
Irregular verb:
Build:
Simple past: built /bɪlt/
Present perfect: built /bɪlt/
31
Irregular verb
| Buy:
Irregular verb
Buy:
Simple past: bought / bɒːt/
Present perfect: bought / bɒːt/
32
Irregular verb
| Catch:
Irregular verb
Catch:
Simple past: caught / kɒːt/
Present perfect: caught / kɒːt/
33
Irregular verb
| Choose:
Irregular verb
Choose:
Simple past: chose / tʃoʊz/
Present perfect: chosen
34
Irregular verb
| Come:
Irregular verb
Come:
Simple past: came
Present perfect: come
35
Irregular verb
| Cost:
Irregular verb
Cost: / kɒːst/
Simple past: cost / kɒːst/
Present perfect: cost / kɒːst/
36
Irregular verb
| Cut:
Irregular verb
Cut:
Simple past: cut
Present perfect: cut
37
Irregular verb
| Do:
Irregular verb
Do:
Simple past: did
Present perfect: done /dʌn/
38
Irregular verb
| Drink:
Irregular verb
Drink:
Simple past: drank /dræŋk/
Present perfect: drunk /drʌŋk/
39
Irregular verb
| Drive:
Irregular verb
Drive:
Simple past: drove / droʊv/
Present perfect: driven /ˈdrɪvən/
40
Irregular verb
| Eat:
Irregular verb
Eat:
Simple past: ate
Present perfect: eaten
41
Irregular verb
| Fall:
Irregular verb
Fall:
Simple past: fell
Present perfect: fallen
42
Irregular verb
| Find:
Irregular verb
Find:
Simple past: found
Present perfect: found
43
Irregular verb
| Fit:
Irregular verb
Fit: /fɪt/
Simple past: fit /fɪt/ (also fitted)
Present perfect: fit /fɪt/ (also fitted)
44
Irregular verb
| Fly:
Irregular verb
Fly:
Simple past: flew /fluː/
Present perfect: flown / floʊn/
45
Irregular verb
| Feel:
Irregular verb
Feel:
Simple past: felt
Present perfect: felt
46
Irregular verb
| Forget:
Irregular verb
Forget: /fəˈɡet $ fər-/
Simple past: forgot / fərˈɡɑːt/
Present perfect: forgotten / fərˈɡɑːtn/
47
Irregular verb
| Get
Irregular verb
Get:
Simple past: got
Present perfect: gotten (also got in British English)
48
Irregular verb
| Give:
Irregular verb
Give:
Simple past: gave
Present perfect: given
49
Irregular verb
| Go:
Irregular verb
Go:
Simple past: went
Present perfect: gone
50
Irregular verb
| Grow:
Irregular verb
Grow: / ɡroʊ/
Simple past: grew /ɡruː/
Present perfect: grown / ɡroʊn/
51
Irregular verb
| Have:
Irregular verb
Have:
Simple past: had
Present perfect: had
52
Irregular verb
| Hear:
Irregular verb
Hear:
Simple past: heard / hɜːrd/
Present perfect: heard / hɜːrd/
53
Irregular verb
| Hit:
Irregular verb
Hit:
Simple past: hit
Present perfect: hit
54
Irregular verb
| Hurt:
Irregular verb
Hurt: / hɜːrt/
Simple past: hurt / hɜːrt/
Present perfect: hurt / hɜːrt/
55
Irregular verb
| Keep:
Irregular verb
Keep:
Simple past: kept
Present perfect: kept
56
Irregular verb
| Know:
Irregular verb
Know: / noʊ/
Simple past: Knew / nuː/
Present perfect: knewn / noʊn/
57
Irregular verb
| Leave:
Irregular verb
Leave:
Simple past: left
Present perfect: left
58
Irregular verb
| Lose:
Irregular verb
Lose:
Simple past: lost
Present perfect: lost
59
Irregular verb
| Make:
Irregular verb
Make:
Simple past: made
Present perfect: made
60
Irregular verb
| Mean:
Irregular verb
Mean:
Simple past: meant /ment/
Present perfect: meant /ment/
61
Irregular verb
| Meet:
Irregular verb
Meet:
Simple past: met
Present perfect: met
62
Irregular verb
| Pay:
Irregular verb
Pay:
Simple past: paid
Present perfect: paid
63
Irregular verb
| Put
Irregular verb
Put: /pʊt/
Simple past: put /pʊt/
Present perfect: put /pʊt/
64
Irregular verb
| Quit:
Irregular verb
Quit:
Simple past: quit (also quitted in British English)
Present perfect: quit (also quitted in British English)
65
Irregular verb
| Read:
Irregular verb
Read: /riːd/
Simple past: read /red/
Present perfect: read /red/
66
Irregular verb
| Ride
Irregular verb
Ride: /raɪd/
Simple past: rode / roʊd/
Present perfect: ridden /rɪdn/
67
Irregular verb
| Run:
Irregular verb
Run:
Simple past: ran /ræn/
Present perfect: run
68
Irregular verb
| Say:
Irregular verb
Say: /seɪ/
Simple past: said /sed/
Present perfect: said /sed/
69
Irregular verb
| See:
Irregular verb
See:
Simple past: saw / sɒː/
Present perfect: seen /siːn/
70
Irregular verb
| Sell:
Irregular verb
Sell:
Simple past: sold / soʊld/
Present perfect: sold / soʊld/
71
Irregular verb
| Send:
Irregular verb
Send:
Simple past: sent
Present perfect: sent
72
Irregular verb
| Sing:
Irregular verb
Sing:
Simple past: sang /sæŋ/
Present perfect: sung /sʌŋ/
73
Irregular verb
| Sit:
Irregular verb
Sit:
Simple past: sat
Present perfect: sat
74
Irregular verb
| Sleep:
Irregular verb
Sleep:
Simple past: slept
Present perfect: slept
75
Irregular verb
| Speak:
Irregular verb
Speak:
Simple past: spoke / spoʊk/
Present perfect: spoken / ˈspoʊkən /
76
Irregular verb
| Spend:
Irregular verb
Spend:
Simple past: spent
Present perfect: spent
77
Irregular verb
| Stand:
Irregular verb
Stand:
Simple past: stood
Present perfect: stood
78
Irregular verb
| Steal:
Irregular verb
Steal:
Simple past: stole / stoʊl/
Present perfect: stolen / ˈstoʊlən/
79
Irregular verb
| Swim:
Irregular verb
Swim:
Simple past: swam /swæm/
Present perfect: swum /swʌm/
80
Irregular verb
| Take:
Irregular verb
Take:
Simple past: took
Present perfect: taken
81
Irregular verb
| Teach:
Irregular verb
Teach:
Simple past: taught / tɒːt/
Present perfect: taught / tɒːt/
82
Irregular verb
| Tell:
Irregular verb
Tell:
Simple past: told
Present perfect: told
83
Irregular verb
| Think
Irregular verb
Think:
Simple past: thought / θɒːt/
Present perfect: thought / θɒːt/
84
Irregular verb
| Throw:
Irregular verb
Throw: / θroʊ/
Simple past: threw /θruː/
Present perfect: thrown /θroʊ/
85
Irregular verb
| Understand
Irregular verb
Understand:
Simple past: understood
Present perfect: understood
86
Irregular verb
| Wake up:
Irregular verb
Wake up:
Simple past: woke up
Present perfect: woken up
87
Irregular verb
| Wear:
Irregular verb
Wear:
Simple past: wore / wɔːr/
Present perfect: worn / wɔːrn/
88
Irregular verb
| Win:
Irregular verb
Win:
Simple past: won
Present perfect: won
89
Irregular verb
| Write:
Irregular verb
Write:
Simple past: wrote / roʊt/
Present perfect: written /ˈrɪtn/
90
The present perfect
| Already, yet, ever and before
Already, yet, ever, and before:
@ Use “yet” or “already” in questions about recent experiences.
1- Have you toured Quito yet?
2- Has she already tried Korean barbecue?
@ Use “already” in affirmative statements. Use “yet” in negative statements.
3- I’ve already tried sushi.
4- I haven’t tried sashimi yet.
```
@ Use “ever” or “before” in questions about life experiences.
5- Have you “ever” eaten Indian food?
6- Has she “ever” been to London?
7- Have eaten Thai food “before”?
8- Has she been to Paris “before”?
```
@ Use “already” or “before” in affirmative statements. Use “have never” or “haven’t ever” in negative statements.
9- I’ve “already” tried Indian food three times, but I’ve never tried Thai food.
10- I’ve tried Indian food before, but I haven’t ever tried Thai food.
@ You can use “before” in affirmative statements. But don’t use “ever”.
11- Don’t say: I’ve ever been to London.
91
Fall
```
Fall:
THESAURUS:
fall ( also fall over , fall down )
trip on/over something
slip
stumble
lose your balance
fall flat on your face
```
@ become [ intransitive, linking verb ]
to start to be in a new or different state
1. I’ll stay with her until she falls asleep .
2. I think that I’ve fallen in love with Angela.
3. Albert fell silent and turned his attention to his food.
fall in love (= start being in love )
4. I fell in love with her the minute I saw her.
92
Adapt
```
a‧dapt W3 / əˈdæpt / verb
@ [ intransitive and transitive ] to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation
1. The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.
THESAURUS:
@ to change something
change
alter (especially written )
adjust
modify (especially written)
reform
```
Adapt:
وفق دادن ،موافق بودن ،درست کردن ،تعديل کردن ،اقتباس کردن
93
Sightseeing
sight‧see‧ing / ˈsaɪtˌsiːɪŋ / noun [ uncountable ]
@ when you visit famous or interesting places, especially as tourists :
1. She swam and sunbathed, went sightseeing, and relaxed.
94
Get off on the wrong foot
Get off on the wrong foot:
قدم اول را کج برداشتن
get off on the wrong foot:
to start a job, relationship etc badly by making a mistake that annoys people
95
Expert
ex‧pert 1 S3 W2 AC / ˈekspɜːt $ -ɜːrt / noun [ countable ]
@ someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject, gained as a result of training or experience
1. He’s a world expert on marine mammals.
2. an expert in statistics
3. Tests should be administered by a medical expert.
Expert:
ويژه گر،ويژه کار،متخصص ،کارشناس ،ماهر،خبره
Mammal: /ˈmæməl/
پستاندار
96
Non-verbal
non‧ver‧bal / ˌnɒnˈvɜːb ə l◂ $ ˌnɑːnˈvɜːr- / adjective
@not using words :
1. nonverbal forms of communication
Nonverbal:
غيرکلامى
97
Appropriate
ap‧pro‧pri‧ate 1 S2 W1 AC / əˈprəʊpri-ət, əˈprəʊpri-ɪt $ əˈproʊ- / adjective
@ correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose
OPP inappropriate
1. Clothes appropriate for a job interview
2. an education system which is more appropriate to the needs of the students
THESAURUS
suitable
right
proper
ap‧pro‧pri‧ate 2 / əˈprəʊprieɪt $ əˈproʊ- / verb [ transitive ] formal
@ to take something for yourself when you do not have the right to do this
SYN steal :
1. He is suspected of appropriating government funds.
Appropriate:
اختصاص دادن ،براى خود برداشتن ،ضبط کردن ،
درخور،مناسب
98
Firm
Firm:
Strong
a firm handshake:
(=holding and shaking someone's hand firmly)
1. Stan greeted me with a firm handshake.
99
Misinterpret
mis‧in‧ter‧pret AC / ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːprət, ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːprɪt $ -ɜːr- / verb [ transitive ]
@ to not understand the correct meaning of something that someone says or does, or of facts that you are considering SYN misread , misconstrue :
1. Some parts of the report could be misinterpreted.
2. She had misinterpreted his silence as anger.
Misinterpret:
بغلط تفسير کردن
بد تفسير کردن
100
Worthless
worth‧less / ˈwɜːθləs $ ˈwɜːrθ- / adjective
@ something that is worthless has no value, importance, or use
SYN: valueless
OPP: valuable
1. The house was full of worthless junk.
2. The information was worthless to me.
@ a worthless person has no good qualities or useful skills
SYN useless :
1. His parents had made him feel worthless.
Worthless:
بى بها،ناچيز و بى قيمت ،بى ارزش ،بى اهميت
بى فايده
101
Find out
Find out:
discover, learn about, get information about
```
find out (phrasal verb)
@ to get information, after trying to discover it or by chance
1. I found out that my parents had never been married.
```
Register
In written English, people usually say that someone discovers something rather than finds out something:
2. Scientists soon discovered that this was false.
دريافتن ،پى بردن ،کشف کردن ،مکشوف کردن
102
Fascinating
fas‧ci‧nat‧ing S3 / ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ / adjective
@ extremely interesting :
1. a fascinating book
2. That sounds absolutely fascinating.
Fascinating:
فريبنده ،دلکش ،سحراميز
fas‧ci‧nat‧ed / ˈfæsɪneɪtəd / adjective [ not before noun ]
@ extremely interested by something or someone:
1. I was fascinated by her voice.
103
extremely interesting
Fascinating
104
Thrilling
thril‧ling / ˈθrɪlɪŋ / adjective
@ interesting and exciting :
1. a thrilling 3–2 victory
2. The sky trip was thrilling.
Thrilling:
هيجان انگیز
thrilled / θrɪld / adjective [ not before noun ]
@ very excited, happy, and pleased
1. We were so thrilled to hear about the baby.
105
interesting and exciting
Thrilling
106
Frightening
fright‧en‧ing / ˈfraɪtn-ɪŋ / adjective
@ making you feel afraid or nervous
SYN scary :
1. Going into hospital can be very frightening for a child.
Frightening:
وحشت انگيز، هولناك
fright‧ened S3 / ˈfraɪtnd / adjective
@ feeling afraid SYN scared :
2. Don’t be frightened. We’re not going to hurt you.
3. I was frightened of being left by myself in the house.
► Do not confuse frightened, which describes a feeling, and frightening, which describes something that makes you feel frightened:
1. a frightened child | a frightening experience
107
making you feel afraid or nervous
| SYN scary
Frightening
108
Disgusting
dis‧gust‧ing S2 / dɪz ˈɡʌstɪŋ / adjective
@ extremely unpleasant and making you feel sick
SYN revolting :
1. Smoking is a really disgusting habit.
Disgusting:
منزجر کننده، نفرت انگیز
dis‧gust‧ed / dɪz ˈɡʌstɪd / adjective
@ very annoyed or upset by something that is not acceptable :
Most locals are disgusted by the anti-foreigner violence.
Violence:
بيحرمتى ،فشار،خشونت ،تندى ،سختى ،زور
109
extremely unpleasant and making you feel sick
| SYN revolting
Disgusting
110
Lobster
lob‧ster / ˈlɑːbstər / noun
@[ countable ] a sea animal with eight legs, a shell, and two large claws
@ [ uncountable ] the flesh of a lobster, which is eaten
```
Lobster :
(ج.ش ).خرچنگ دريايى ،گوشت خرچنگ دريايى
Claw: /klɒː/
چنگ ، سرپنجه جانوران ، چنگال
Flesh:
گوشت
```
111
a sea animal with eight legs, a shell, and two large claws
Lobster
112
Associate
as‧so‧ci‧ate 1 S3 W2 / əˈsoʊʃieɪt / verb
@ [ transitive ] to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another
1. I don’t associate him with energetic sports.
Register
In everyday English, people usually say something comes with or goes with something rather than is associated with it:
2. There are some problems that go with this way of doing things.
SYN:
connect; unite; be a partner
Associate:
وابسته کردن ،معاشرت کردن ،همدم شدن ،پيوستن ،مربوط ساختن
113
to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another
Associate
114
Strange
strange 1 S2 W2 / streɪndʒ / adjective
@ unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to explain or understand
SYN odd, unusual.
1. Does Geoff’s behaviour seem strange to you?
2. “Isn’t it strange how” animals seem to sense danger?
3. “It’s strange that” we’ve never met before.
4. “For some strange reason”, I slept like a baby despite the noise.
Strange:
عجيب
115
unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to explain or understand
SYN odd, unusual
Strange
116
Hang gliding
ˈhang-ˌgliding noun [ uncountable ]
@ the sport of flying using a hang-glider
hang gliding:
پرواز با كايت
117
the sport of flying using a hang-glider
Hang gliding
118
I tried to be nice
I tried to be nice
| I tried to be nice = I didn’t want to be impolite
119
I didn’t want to be impolite
I tried to be nice
120
Oral
o‧ral 1 / ˈɔːrəl / adjective
@ spoken, not written:
1. oral history
Oral:
زبانى ،شفاهى ،دهانى ،از راه دهان
121
spoken, not written
Oral
122
Civil war
ˌcivil ˈwar noun [ uncountable and countable ]
@ a war in which opposing groups of people from the same country fight each other in order to gain political control :
1. the Spanish Civil War
Civil war:
جنگ داخلى
123
a war in which opposing groups of people from the same country fight each other in order to gain political control
Civil war
124
Violent
vi‧o‧lent S3 W3 / ˈvaɪələnt / adjective
@ involving actions that are intended to injure or kill people, by hitting them, shooting them etc:
1. the increase in violent crime
@ someone who is violent is likely to attack, hurt, or kill other people
SYN aggressive:
2. My father was a violent and dangerous man.
Violent:
شرير،تباهکار،فاسد،بدطينت
Aggressive: /əˈɡresɪv/
تجاوزکارانه ، پرخاشگر،متجاوز،مهاجم
125
involving actions that are intended to injure or kill people, by hitting them, shooting them etc
Violent
126
A common goal
A common goal:
(= an aim shared by more than one person or organization)
1. Iran and Turkey shared common goals in their handling of the refugee crisis.
Handling:
بررسى ،رسيدگى ،اداره( کردن)
Refugee: /ˌrefjʊˈdʒiː/
مهاجر،فرارى ،پناهنده سياسى ،اواره شدن
Crisis: / ˈkraɪsɪs/
بحران
127
an aim shared by more than one person or organization
A common goal
128
Hilarious
hi‧lar‧i‧ous / hɪ ˈleriəs / adjective
@ extremely funny :
1. a hilarious story
Hilarious:
خنده دار،مضحک
129
extremely funny
Hilarious
130
Con
con 1 / kɑːn / verb [ transitive ] informal
@ to get money from someone by deceiving them SYN swindle
1. He conned me out of £300.
Con:
گول زدن
Swindle: /ˈswɪndl/
گوش برى کردن ،گول زدن ،مغبون کردن ،فريب ،کلاه بردارى
131
to get money from someone by deceiving them SYN swindle
Con
132
Pretend
pre‧tend / prɪˈtend / verb
@ to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to deceive people or for fun
1. We can’t go on pretending that everything is OK.
2. Let’s pretend we’re on the moon.
Pretend:
وانمود کردن
Deceive: /dɪˈsiːv/
گول زدن ،فريفتن ،فريب دادن ،گول زدن
133
to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to deceive people or for fun
Pretend
134
Masterful
mas‧ter‧ful / ˈmæstərfə l/ adjective
@ controlling people or situations in a skillful and confident way:
1. Klein handled the situation in a masterful way.
@ done with great skill and understanding
SYN masterly :
2. a masterful analysis of the text
Masterful:
با استادى، ماهرانه
Confident: / ˈkɑːn fɪdənt /
مطمئن ،دلگرم ،بى پروا،رازدار
135
controlling people or situations in a skillful and confident way
Masterful
136
Talented
```
tal‧ent‧ed / ˈtæləntɪd / adjective
@ having a natural ability to do something well
1. a talented actor
THESAURUS :
Gifted
```
Talented:
استعداد ، نعمت خدا داده ، درون داشت
137
having a natural ability to do something well
Talented
138
Suburban
sub‧ur‧ban / sə ˈbɜːrbən / adjective
@ related to a suburb, or in a suburb:
1. a quiet, suburban street
@ boring and typical of people who live in the suburbs :
Suburban:
اهل حومه شهر،برون شهرى
Suburb:
حومه شهر،برون شهر
139
boring and typical of people who live in the ........ :
Suburban
140
Struggle
strug‧gle / ˈstrʌɡ ə l / verb
@ to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult
1. She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.
2. The airline is struggling with high costs.
Struggle:
منازعه ،کشمکش ،تنازع، کوشش کردن
Bring up:
پرورش دادن ،رشد دادن
141
to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult
Struggle
142
Tragic
tra‧gic / ˈtrædʒɪk / adjective
@ a tragic event or situation makes you feel very sad, especially because it involves death or suffering
SYN: comic
1. The parents were not to blame for the tragic death of their son.
Tragic:
حزن انگيز،غم انگيز،محزون ،فجيع
Blame:
مقصر دانستن ،سرزنش کردن ،ملامت کردن ، سرزنش
143
a ...... event or situation makes you feel very sad, especially because it involves death or suffering
SYN: comic
Tragic
144
Blockbuster
block‧bust‧er / ˈblɑːkˌbʌstər / noun [ countable ]
@ (informal) a book or film that is very good or successful:
1. the latest Hollywood blockbuster
145
a book or film that is very good or successful
Blockbuster
146
Disaster
di‧sas‧ter S3 W3 / dɪˈzɑːstə $ dɪˈzæstər / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
@ a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering
SYN: catastrophe : /kə ’tæstrəfi/
1. One hundred and twenty people died in China’s worst air disaster.
Disaster:
فاجعه ،حادثه بد،مصيبت ،بلا
Catastrophe:
عاقبت داستان ،مصيبت ،بلاى ناگهانى ،فاجعه
147
a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering
SYN: catastrophe : /kə ’tæstrəfi/
Disaster
148
Ill-fated
ˌill-ˈfated adjective literary
@ unlucky and leading to serious problems or death :
SYN: doomed to failure
1. an ill-fated venture
Ill-fated:
بدبخت ،بيطالع
Venture:
مشارکت ،فعاليت اقتصادى
Doomed: /du:m/
محکوم به فنا
149
unlucky and leading to serious problems or death :
| SYN: doomed to failure
Ill-fated
150
Wealthy
wealth‧y / ˈwelθi / adjective
@ having a lot of money, possessions etc.
SYN: rich
1. the wealthy nations of the world
wealthy:
دارا،توانگر،دولتمند،ثروتمند،چيز دار،غنى
Possessions: /pəˈzeʃən/
مايملک
151
having a lot of money, possessions etc.
| SYN: rich
Wealthy
152
Bride-to-be
ˌbride-to-ˈbe noun ( plural brides-to-be ) [ countable ]
@ a woman who is going to be married soon :
SYN: fiancée /ˌfiːɑːnˈseɪ/
1. Jonathan’s bride-to-be
Bride: /braɪd/
تازه عروس
153
a woman who is going to be married soon :
| SYN: fiancée /ˌfiːɑːnˈseɪ/
Bride-to-be
154
Scene
scene / siːn / noun
@ part of a play during which there is no change in time or place :
1. Hamlet, Act 5, Scene 2
@ a single piece of action that happens in one place in a film, book etc. :
2. The film contains some violent scenes.
Scene:
منظره ،چشم انداز،پرده جزء صحنه نمايش ،صحنه
Violent scene:
parts of a movie in which are seen acts of violence
Violence: (noun)
بيحرمتى ،فشار،خشونت ،تندى ،زور،بى حرمتى
155
@ part of a play during which there is no change in time or place :
@ a single piece of action that happens in one place in a film, book etc.
Scene
156
Magnificent
mag‧nif‧i‧cent / mæɡˈnɪfɪs ə nt / adjective
@ very good or beautiful, and very impressive :
1. a magnificent performance
2. She looked magnificent in a long red dress.
Magnificent:
باشکوه ،مجلل ،عالى
157
very good or beautiful, and very impressive
Magnificent
158
Epic
ep‧ic / ˈepɪk / noun [ countable ]
@ a book, poem, or film that tells a long story about brave actions and exciting events :
1. a Hollywood epic
2. a romantic epic
Epic:
حماسى ،شعر رزمى ،حماسه ،رزم نامه
159
a book, poem, or film that tells a long story about brave actions and exciting events
Epic
160
I saw him off:
I saw him off:
| همراهیش کردم.
161
همراهیش کردم.
I saw him off
162
Go Dutch
Dutch / dʌtʃ / adjective
@ relating to the Netherlands, its people, or its language
@ go Dutch (with somebody):
to share the cost of a meal in a restaurant
1. Everybody should go Dutch.
go Dutch:
دنگی دادن
@ Dutch treat (American English)
an occasion when you share the cost of something such as a meal in a restaurant
Dutch treat:
مهمانى دانگى( که هرکسى خرج خودش را ميدهد
163
to share the cost of a meal in a restaurant
| دنگی دادن
Go Dutch
164
Dine
dine / daɪn / verb [ intransitive ] formal
@ to eat dinner :
1. He was dining with friends at the Ritz.
dine out (phrasal verb)
@ (formal) to eat dinner in a restaurant or in someone else’s house
SYN: eat out :
1. They would dine out together once a month.
165
to eat ....... in a restaurant or in someone else’s house
| SYN: eat out :
Dine
166
Wave
wave verb
@ hand: to raise your arm and move your hand from side to side in order to make someone notice you
1. Enid waved at us and we waved back.
wave (somebody) goodbye (= say goodbye to someone by waving to them )
2. The nurses came out to wave Granddad goodbye.
167
to raise your arm and move your hand from side to side in order to make someone notice you
Wave
168
Host
host / hoʊst / noun [ countable ]
@ at a party : someone at a party, meal etc who has invited the guests and who provides the food, drink etc.
SYN: hostess:
1. Our host greeted us at the door.
@ on television/radio: someone who introduces and talks to the guests on a television or radio program
2. a game show host
Host:
ميزبانى ،گروه ،ازدحام ،دسته ،سپاه ،ميزبان ،صاحبخانه ،مهمان دار،انگل دار
Hostess: /ˈhoʊstɪs /
زن ميزبان ،زن مهماندار،بانوى صاحبخانه
169
at a party : someone at a party, meal etc who has invited the guests and who provides the food, drink etc.
on television/radio: someone who introduces and talks to the guests on a television or radio program
صاحبخانه
Host
170
I shouldn’t stand on formalities:
I shouldn’t stand on formalities:
| تعارف نکن
171
تعارف نکن
I shouldn’t stand on formalities
172
Punctual
punc‧tu‧al / ˈpʌŋktʃuəl / adjective formal
@ arriving, happening, or being done at exactly the time that has been arranged
SYN: on time
1. She’s always very punctual for appointments.
2. the punctual payment of invoices
I want you to be punctual:
توقع دارم به موقع بیای
173
arriving, happening, or being done at exactly the time that has been arranged
SYN: on time
Punctual
174
Tiny
ti‧ny / ˈtaɪni / adjective
@ extremely small :
1. a tiny community in the Midwest
2. The earrings were tiny.
They served little tiny fish:
ماهی های ریزه میزه
175
extremely small
Tiny
176
Cure
cure / kjʊr / noun [ countable ]
@ a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away.
1. There is still no cure for AIDS.
Cure:
درمان ،علاج ،دارو،شفا دادن ،بهبودى دادن
The cure was eating fish:
علاجش خوردن ماهی بود.
177
a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away.
درمان ،علاج ،دارو،شفا دادن ،بهبودى دادن
Cure
178
Intertwine
in‧ter‧twine / ˌɪntər ˈtwaɪn / verb
@ if two situations, ideas etc are intertwined, they are closely related to each other
1. The problems of crime and unemployment are closely intertwined.
@ if two things intertwine, or if they are intertwined, they are twisted together
2. a necklace of rubies intertwined with pearls
Intertwine:
درهم پيچيدن ،درهم بافتن ،درهم بافته شدن ،بهم تابيدن
Unemployment:
بيکارى ،عدم اشتغال
Twist:
پيچ خوردگى ،پيچيدن ،تابيدن
Necklace: /ˈnek-lɪs/
گردن بند
Ruby: /ˈruːbi/
ياقوت سرخ ،لعل ،رنگ ياقوتى
Pearl: /pɜːrl/
بامرواريد اراستن
179
if two situations, ideas etc are ............., they are closely related to each other
درهم پيچيدن ،درهم بافتن ،درهم بافته شدن ،بهم تابيدن
Intertwine
180
Mating
mat‧ing / ˈmeɪtɪŋ / noun [ uncountable ]
@ sex between animals :
1. the mating season
Mating:
جفتگيرى
They were mating:
جفت گیری می کردند.
181
sex between animals :
| جفتگيرى
Mating
182
Track
track / træk / noun
marks on ground
@ a line of marks left on the ground by a moving person, animal, or vehicle :
1. We followed the tire tracks across a muddy field.
Track:
پيگردى کردن ،رد پا،اثر،خط اهن
I saw some bear tracks: / ber/
رد پای خرس را دیدم.
183
a line of marks left on the ground by a moving person, animal, or vehicle
پيگردى کردن ،رد پا،اثر،خط اهن
Track
184
Charlatan
char‧la‧tan / ˈʃɑːrlətə n / noun (literary)
@ Someone who pretends to have special skills or knowledge ( used to show disapproval )
Leonardo plays the charlatan
لئوناردو نقش کلاهبردار را دارد.
Pretends:
وانمود كردن، بخود بستن، دعوي كردن
Disapproval:
عدم رضايت ،عدم تصويب
185
Someone who pretends to have special skills or knowledge ( used to show disapproval )
Charlatan
186
Forger
forg‧er / ˈfɔːrdʒər / noun
@ someone who illegally copies documents, money, paintings etc and tries to make people think they are real
He was a forger:
جاعل بود.
Forger:
جاعل ،جعل کننده
Illegally:
بطور غيرقانونى ،بطور حرام
187
someone who illegally copies documents, money, paintings etc and tries to make people think they are real
جاعل ،جعل کننده
Forger
188
Mood
mood / muːd / noun
@ be/feel in the mood (for something):
To feel that you would like to do something:
1. We really felt in the mood for a party.
2. I don’t want to talk about it now. I’m not in the mood.
3. So, what are you in the mood for? “I’m in the mood for … “.
@ be in no mood for something/to do something:
To not want to do something, or be determined not to do something:
1. I was in no mood for a joke.
Mood:
حالت ،حوصله ،حال ،سردماغ ،خلق ،مشرب ،وجه
Determine:
تصميم گرفتن ،مصمم شدن ،حکم دادن ،تعيين کردن
189
To feel that you would like to do something:
Mood
190
Bunch
bunch / bʌntʃ / noun
large amount [ singular ]:
@ (American English informal) a large number of people or things, or a large amount of something
SYN: a lot of
1. There’s a whole bunch of places I want to visit.
Bunch:
گروه ،دسته کردن ،خوشه کردن
191
(American English informal) a large number of people or things, or a large amount of something
SYN: a lot of
گروه ،دسته کردن ،خوشه کردن
Bunch
192
I missed
Miss:
@ not see/hear:
To not see, hear, or notice something, especially when it is difficult to notice :
1. Perhaps there’s something the police have missed.
2. It’s a huge hotel on the corner. You can’t miss it (= it is very easy to notice or recognize).
I missed = I didn’t see
1. I missed Gang of New York when it was playing.
Miss:
از دست دادن ،احساس فقدان چيزى راکردن ،گم کردن ،خطا کردن
193
I didn’t see
I missed
194
so I hear/so I’ve heard
so I hear/so I’ve heard
spoken (= used to say that you have been told something or know it already )
1. There’s a nasty infection going round, so I hear.
2. Did you hear what happened to Julia?
3. I’ve heard it said that they met in Italy.
I’ve heard=
شنیده ام که
195
used to say that you have been told something or know it already
so I hear/so I’ve heard
196
Frankly
frank‧ly / ˈfræŋkli / adverb
@ used to show that you are saying what you really think about something:
1. Frankly, I think the Internet is overrated.
2. His behavior was frankly disgraceful.
@ Honestly and directly:
1. She answered all our questions frankly.
Frankly:
رک وپوست کنده ،صراحتا،جوانمردانه
Overrate: / ˌoʊvəˈreɪtɪd /
زياد برآورد کردن ، زياد اهميت دادن به
disgraceful: /dɪsˈɡreɪsfəl/
رسوايى اور،خفت اور،ننگين ،نامطبوع
197
used to show that you are saying what you really think about something
frank‧ly / ˈfræŋkli / adverb
198
Spectacular
spec‧tac‧u‧lar / spekˈtækjʊlər / adjective
@ very impressive :
1. a mountainous area with spectacular scenery
2. a spectacular success
@ very sudden, unexpected, or extreme:
1. The news caused a spectacular fall in the stock market.
Spectacular:
تماشايى ،منظره ديدنى ،نمايش غير عادى
Impressive:
موثر،برانگيزنده احساسات ،گيرا
Mountainous: /ˈmaʊntənəs/
کوهستانى ،کوه مانند
Scenery: /ˈsiːnəri/
چشم انداز،منظره ،صحنه سازى
Stock market:
بورس سهام وارز،بورس کالاهاى مختلف
199
very impressive
spec‧tac‧u‧lar / spekˈtækjʊlər / adjective
200
Can't stand
@not like:
can’t stand (spoken)
used to say that you do not like someone or something at all, or that you think that something is extremely unpleasant
SYN can’t bear :
1. I can’t stand bad manners.
2. I know he can’t stand the sight of me.
3. Lily can’t stand working in an office.
201
@not like:
@not like:
| can’t stand (spoken)
202
My treat
@ my treat (spoken):
used to tell someone that you will pay for something such as a meal for them :
1. Let’s go out to lunch – my treat.
It’s my treat:
نوبت من است.
203
used to tell someone that you will pay for something such as a meal for them
@ my treat (spoken):
204
now you’re talking (spoken)
@ now you’re talking (spoken)
used to say that you think someone’s suggestion is a good idea :
‘Fancy an ice cream?’ ‘Now you’re talking.’
You’re talking:
گل گفتی، این شد حرف حسابی
205
used to say that you think someone’s suggestion is a good idea
now you’re talking (spoken)
206
It's a deal
@ it’s a deal (spoken):
used to say that you agree to do something :
1. OK, it’s a deal.
It’s a deal:
قبول ، باشد
207
used to say that you agree to do something :
@ it’s a deal (spoken)
208
I can’t stand talking nonsense:
I can’t stand talking nonsense:
از حرف بی ربط خوشم نمی آید.
Nonsense:
ياوه ،مهمل ،مزخرف ،حرف پوچ ،بيمعنى ،خارج از منطق
209
از حرف بی ربط خوشم نمی آید.
I can’t stand talking nonsense:
| از حرف بی ربط خوشم نمی آید.
210
Infer
in‧fer / ɪnˈfɜː $ -ɜːr / (verb)
@ To form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have
1. A lot can be inferred from these statistics.
Infer:
بستن ،استنتاج کردن ،استنباط کردن ،پى بردن به
211
To form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have
in‧fer / ɪnˈfɜː $ -ɜːr / (verb)
212
How do you know?
How do you know?
| از کجا فهمیدی؟
213
از کجا فهمیدی؟
How do you know?
| از کجا فهمیدی؟
214
would rather
@ would rather
used to say that you would prefer to do or have something :
1. I’d rather have a quiet night in front of the TV.
2. We could eat later if you would rather do that.
3. ‘I think you’d better ask her.’ ‘ I’d rather not (= I do not want to ) .’
I’d rather = I prefer
215
used to say that you would prefer to do or have something
@ would rather
I’d rather = I prefer
216
The present perfect:
| “For” and “since”; other uses
The present perfect:
“For” and “since”; other uses
@ Use “since” with a specific time or date in the past. Use “for” to describe a period of time.
1. How long have you been here?
• I’ve been here “since 8 o’clock”. ( a time in the past )
• I’ve been here “for ten minutes”. ( a period of time )
Other uses:
1. With always: I’ve “always” wanted to see Car Planet.
2. With ordinals, superlatives, only:
• This is “the third time” I’ve ever seen. ( ordinals= عدد وصفى يا ترتيبى )
• It’s “the best” movie I’ve ever seen. (superlatives=صفت عالی )
• My husband has only seen it once.
3. With lately, recently, just:
• Have you seen a good movie “recently”?
• I’ve “just” seen The Beach. ‘What a great movie’.
4. With still, so far:
• You “still” haven’t seen Tomato Babies? ‘ I’ve seen it three times “so far” ’.
217
The present perfect and present perfect continuous:
| Unfinished actions
The present perfect and present perfect continuous:
Unfinished actions.
Unfinished (or continuous) actions are those that began in the past, continue in the present and may possibly continue into the future. Here are three ways to talk about unfinished actions:
@ The present perfect with “since”: Use “since” with a stated start time in the past.
1. I’ve lived here “since” 2001. (2001 is the stated start time. I still live here, so the action “continues”.
@ The present perfect with “for”: Use “for” to describe the period of time from its start until the present.
2. I’ve lived here “for” five years. (Emphasis is on the five –year period. I still live here, so the action “continues”.
@ The present continuous with “for” or “since”. (Form the present perfect continuous with the present perfect of “be” and a present participle.)
3. I’ve been living here since 2001. OR I’ve been living here for five years. (In both cases, the action “continues.”)
@ When describing continuing and unfinished actions with “for” and “since”, the present perfect and the present perfect continuous are both correct. Some people feel the present perfect continuous emphasizes the continuing time a bit more.
218
Spelling rules for the present perfect participle:
| review
Spelling rules for the present perfect participle:
review
@ Add “–ing” to the base form of the verb.
1. Speak ----- speaking
@ If the base form ends in a silent “–e”, drop the “–e” and add “–ing”.
2. Have ----- having
@ In verbs of syllable, if the last three letters are a consonant-vowel-consonant (C-V-C) series, double the last consonant and then add “-ing”.
3. C V C
4. S I t ----- sitting
```
@ Be careful:
Don’t double the last consonant in words that end in –w, –x, or –y.
5. Flow ----- flowing
6. Fix -----fixing
7. Pay ----- paying
```
@ In verbs of more than one syllable that end in a consonant-vowel-consonant series, double the last consonant only if the stress is on the last syllable.
8. Control ----- controlling BUT order ----- ordering
219
Would rather + base form
Would rather + base form
@ State preferences with “would rather” / “would rather not” and the base form of a verb.
1. She “would rather see” a less violent film.
2. We “would rather not see a horror film.
@ Use “than” with “would rather” to contrast preferences.
3. I “would rather rent” a movie “than” go to the theater.
4. They “would rather go” to a Woody Allen film “than” a Martin Scorsese film.
@ Questions:
5. “Would” you “rather see” Casablanca or Wall-E?
6. Which “would” they “rather see”---a comedy or a drama?
7. What “would” you “rather do”---see a play or a movie?
@ Short answers:
8. Would you rather stay home? Yes, we would. NOT Yes, we’d rather.
9. Would you like to see a movie? Actually, we’d rather not. We’re too busy.
@ Be careful:
Don’t use “to” after “would rather”.
10. NOT He’d rather to see a comedy.
220
Ways to express preferences:
| Review
Ways to express preferences:
Review
@ Use “like”, “prefer”, or “would rather” with a direct object to indicate preferences. The direct object can be a noun or noun phrase, a base form, or an infinitive, depending on the structure you use.
Noun or noun phrase:
1. She’d like “tea”.
2. We’d like “an early breakfast” tomorrow.
3. Sara prefers “coffee”.
4. Would they prefer “a horror film”?
@ Base form:
5. They’d rather “see” a comedy.
6. Would you rather “have” coffee or tea?
7. I’d rather “not go out” tonight?
@ Infinitives: (مصدر )
8. I’d like to go to the movies tonight.
9. I prefer (OR I’d prefer) “to see” something less bloody.
10. She’d prefer “not to show” her children that film.
221
Since
since / sɪns /
@ from a particular time or event in the past until the present, or in that period of time
بعد از،پس از،از وقتى که
222
@ from a particular time or event in the past until the present, or in that period of time
بعد از،پس از،از وقتى که
since / sɪns /
بعد از،پس از،از وقتى که
223
Lately
late‧ly / ˈleɪtli / adverb
@ recently:
Grammar
“Lately” is usually used with perfect tenses, not with the simple past tense :
1. I’ve been very busy lately (NOT I was very busy lately).
224
@ recently:
lately
225
Just
Just: only a short time ago
| اندکى پيش
226
only a short time ago
| اندکى پيش
Just
227
Oversleep
o‧ver‧sleep / ˌoʊvərˈsliːp / verb
@ to sleep for longer than you intended :
1. Sorry I’m late. I overslept.
228
to sleep for longer than you intended
o‧ver‧sleep / ˌoʊvərˈsliːp / verb
229
Explanation for being late
Explanation for being late:
1. I overslept.
2. I missed the bus:
3. I couldn’t get a taxi.
4. I couldn’t find a parking space.
5. I got stuck in traffic.
230
Stuck
stuck /stʌk/ adjective [ not before noun ]
@ impossible or unable to move from a particular position :
1. Sara tried to open the window but it was stuck.
2. They got stuck in a traffic jam.
Stuck:
گير کردن ،گير افتادن
traffic jam:
traffic that is not moving
231
impossible or unable to move from a particular position
stuck /stʌk/ adjective [ not before noun ]
232
Probably
prob‧a‧bly / ˈprɑː bəbli / adverb
@ used to say that something is likely to happen, likely to be true etc :
1. It will probably take about a week.
2. It’s probably the best movie I have ever seen.
3. ‘Are you going to be able to do this?’ ‘Yes, probably.’
4. ‘Is she going to send it back?’ ‘ Probably not , no.’
SYN:
almost certainly, very likely
Probably:
محتملا،شايد
233
used to say that something is likely to happen, likely to be true etc
prob‧a‧bly / ˈprɑː bəbli / adverb
234
Owe
owe S2 W3 / əʊ $ oʊ / verb [ transitive ]
@ to need to pay someone for something that they have done for you or sold to you, or to need to give someone back money that they have lent you.
SYN: borrow , lend
1. I owe my brother $50.
2. I still owe you for the taxi.
3. How much do I owe you (= often used to show that you want to pay for something)?
Owe:
بدهکاربودن ،مديون بودن ،مرهون بودن
235
to need to pay someone for something that they have done for you or sold to you, or to need to give someone back money that they have lent you.
SYN: borrow , lend
owe S2 W3 / əʊ $ oʊ / verb
236
be on somebody (spoken)
On /ɑːn/ preposition
@pay:
be on somebody (spoken)
used to say who is going to pay for something :
1. The drinks are on me!
2. How much do I owe? “Nothing. It’s on me.”
237
used to say who is going to pay for something :
be on somebody (spoken)
238
Statue of Liberty
Statue of Liberty:
| مجسمه ازادى( در امريکا)
239
مجسمه ازادى( در امريکا)
Statue of Liberty:
| مجسمه ازادى( در امريکا)
240
Are you thinking of a special movie?
Are you thinking of a special movie?
| فیلم خاصی مد نظر داشتی؟
241
فیلم خاصی مد نظر داشتی؟
Are you thinking of a special movie?
| فیلم خاصی مد نظر داشتی؟
242
Who is in it?
Who is in it?
| هنر پیشه هاش کیا هستن؟
243
هنر پیشه هاش کیا هستن؟
Who is in it?
| هنر پیشه هاش کیا هستن؟
244
Side of effect
ˈside efˌfect noun [ countable ]
@ an effect that a drug has on your body in addition to curing pain or illness
1. a natural remedy with no harmful side effects
@ an unexpected or unplanned result of a situation or event :
2. These policy changes could have beneficial side effects for the whole economy.
Side effect:
اثر جانبى ،اثر فرعى( دارو)،اثر زيان
245
an effect that a drug has on your body in addition to curing pain or illness
an unexpected or unplanned result of a situation or event :
ˈside efˌfect noun
246
The movie is educational
The movie is educational:
| فیلم آموزنده ای است.
247
فیلم آموزنده ای است.
The movie is educational:
| فیلم آموزنده ای است.
248
I’m not interested
I’m not interested:
| اهلش نیستم
249
اهلش نیستم
I’m not interested:
| اهلش نیستم
250
What’s your point?
What’s your point?
| منظورت چی هست؟
251
منظورت چی هست؟
What’s your point?
| منظورت چی هست؟
252
It was total loss:
It was total loss:
| ضرر خالی بود.
253
ضرر خالی بود.
It was total loss:
| ضرر خالی بود.
254
It was total chaos:
Chaos: /ˈkeɪɑːs /
It was total chaos:
بازار شام بود.
Chaos: /ˈkeɪɑːs /
@ a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in order:
1. The country was plunged into economic chaos.
Chaos:
هرج ومرج ،بى نظمى کامل ،شلوغى ،اشفتگى
255
It was total chaos
a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in order
It was total chaos:
بازار شام بود.
Chaos: /ˈkeɪɑːs /
Chaos:
هرج ومرج ،بى نظمى کامل ،شلوغى ،اشفتگى
256
Please help yourself
Please help yourself:
بفرمایید.
help yourself (to something) :
please feel free to , please take some, dig in.
• Let`s dig in and eat before everything is cold!
• Go on – dig in!
@ To take some of what you want, without asking permission – used especially when offering food to someone:
1. Please help yourself to some cake.
@ (informal) to steal something:
2. Obviously he had been helping himself to the money.
257
@ To take some of what you want, without asking permission – used especially when offering food to someone:
@ (informal) to steal something:
Please help yourself:
بفرمایید.
help yourself (to something) :
please feel free to , please take some, dig in.
• Let`s dig in and eat before everything is cold!
• Go on – dig in!
@ To take some of what you want, without asking permission – used especially when offering food to someone:
1. Please help yourself to some cake.
@ (informal) to steal something:
2. Obviously he had been helping himself to the money.
258
I find it nice
I find it nice:
| برایم جالب بود.
259
برایم جالب بود.
I find it nice:
| برایم جالب بود.
260
The movie’s title is…
The movie’s title is…:
| اسم فیلم ... است.
261
اسم فیلم ... است.
The movie’s title is…:
| اسم فیلم ... است.
262
I just love ….
I just love ….
| حسابی از ... خوشم می آید.
263
حسابی از ... خوشم می آید.
I just love ….
| حسابی از ... خوشم می آید.
264
Close
close/ kloʊz/ verb
• Would you mind if I closed the window?
• Close the door.
close / kloʊs/ adjective
• If you need to buy bread or milk, the closest shop is about a mile away.
close / kloʊs/ adverb
• Come a little closer, so you can see better.
• Come close.
I followed the news closely.
اخبار را از نزدیک دنبال میکردم.
265
Genre
gen‧re / ˈʒɑːnrə / noun [ countable ]
@ (formal) a particular type of art, writing, music etc, which has certain features that all examples of this type share
1. a new genre of film-making
2. a literary genre
genre:
نوع ،قسم ،جور،طبقه ،دسته ،راسته ،جنس ،طرز،طريقه
Literary: / ˈlɪtəreri/
ادبى ،کتابى ،اديبانه ،اديب ،وابسته به ادبيات ،ادبياتى
266
(formal) a particular type of art, writing, music etc, which has certain features that all examples of this type share
gen‧re / ˈʒɑːnrə / noun [ countable ]
267
Movie genre
```
Movie genre:
• an action film
• a horror film
• a science-fiction film (sci-fi /ˌsaɪ ˈfaɪ / )
• an animated film
• a comedy
• a drama
• a documentary / ˌdɑːkjʊˈmentəri /
• a musical
```
268
Keep somebody up
keep somebody up (informal)
@ To prevent someone from going to bed:
1. I hope I’m not keeping you up.
2. They kept me up last night with their noisy radio.
Prevent:
جلوگيرى کردن ،پيش گيرى کردن ،بازداشتن ،مانع شدن ،ممانعت کردن
They keep me up:
I can’t sleep.
269
To prevent someone from going to bed
keep somebody up (informal)
270
State
state verb [ transitive ]
SYN: say, speak; express verbally or in writing
@ To formally say or write a piece of information or your opinion :
1. Please state your name and address.
2. The government needs to clearly state its policy on UN intervention.
@ If a document, newspaper, ticket etc states information, it contains the information written clearly:
1. The price of the tickets is stated on the back.
State:
توضيح دادن ،تعيين کردن ،چگونگى
271
SYN: say, speak; express verbally or in writing
@ To formally say or write a piece of information or your opinion :
@ If a document, newspaper, ticket etc ........ information, it contains the information written clearly:
توضيح دادن ،تعيين کردن ،چگونگى
State
272
State preference
State preference:
تعیین اولیت
Preference:
SYN: priority
برترى ،رجحان ،ترفيع ،مزيت ،اولويت ،تقدم
273
تعیین اولیت
State preference:
تعیین اولیت
Preference:
SYN: priority
برترى ،رجحان ،ترفيع ،مزيت ،اولويت ،تقدم
274
Less
```
less (determiner , pronoun)
@ a smaller amount or not as much
OPP more :
1. Doctors recommend eating less salt.
2. People today seem to have less time for each other.
```
Grammar
Less , not 'fewer', should be used before an uncountable noun :
Less electricity is used.
► Sometimes people use less before a plural noun, but many people think that this is incorrect, so it is better to use fewer , especially in writing :
1. There are fewer delays (NOT less delays).
Determinder:
ضمير يا صفت اشاره
Pronoun:
ضمير
275
@ a smaller amount or not as much
| OPP more
Less
276
Contrast
con‧trast / kənˈtrɑːst $ -ˈtræst / verb
SYN: compare
@ [ intransitive ] if two things contrast, the difference between them is very easy to see and is sometimes surprising
1. The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.
@ [ transitive ] to compare two things, ideas, people etc to show how different they are from each other
2. In another passage, Melville again contrasts the land with the sea.
3. an essay comparing and contrasting (= showing how two things are similar and different ) Verdi and Wagner and their operas
Contrast:
مغايرت ،برابر کردن ،مقابله ،تقابل ،کنتراست ،مقايسه کردن
277
SYN: compare
@ [ intransitive ] if two things contrast, the difference between them is very easy to see and is sometimes surprising
@ [ transitive ] to compare two things, ideas, people etc to show how different they are from each other
مغايرت ،برابر کردن ،مقابله ،تقابل ،کنتراست ،مقايسه کردن
Contrast
278
Game
game (adjective)
SYN: ready; willing.
@ willing to try something dangerous, new, or difficult:
1. Okay. I’m game if you are.
2. He’s always game for a laugh.
1. ‘Who’s game to have a try?’
279
SYN: ready; willing.
@ willing to try something dangerous, new, or difficult:
Game
280
Give it a try
Give it a try:
| Let’s try.
281
Let’s try.
Give it a try:
| Let’s try.
282
It doesn't matter
```
It doesn't matter:
• It’s not important.
• It’s not significant.
• It’s nothing.
• It’s not a big deal
```
283
* It’s not important.
* It’s not significant.
* It’s nothing.
* It’s not a big deal
It doesn't matter
284
Be big on something (spoken)
Be big on something (spoken)
@ To like something very much:
1. I’m not big on kids.
2. Hmm. TO tell the truth, I’m not that big on the documentary.
@ To have a lot of a quality or feature:
3. The new BMW is big on safety features.
285
@ To like something very much:
@ To have a lot of a quality or feature:
Be big on something (spoken)
286
@ It works for me (spoken)
@ It works for me (spoken)
used to say that something is very suitable for you and does exactly what you wanted or expected :
1. I meditate and do Yoga every day. It works for me and I think it could work for you too.
287
used to say that something is very suitable for you and does exactly what you wanted or expected :
@ It works for me (spoken)
288
Silly
sil‧ly / ˈsɪli / adjective
SYN: stupid, foolish
@ (spoken) not serious or practical: almost stupid:
1. They served us coffee in these silly little cups.
2. a silly hat
3. Stop asking silly questions.
Silly:
نادان ،ابله ،سبک مغز،چرند،احمقانه
289
SYN: stupid, foolish
@ (spoken) not serious or practical: almost stupid:
نادان ،ابله ،سبک مغز،چرند،احمقانه
Silly
290
Boring
bor‧ing / ˈbɔːrɪŋ / adjective
SYN: not interesting, dull
@ not interesting in any way :
1. Her husband is about the most boring person I’ve ever met.
Dull: /dʌl/
Register
In everyday English, people usually say boring rather than dull :
• a long, boring film
291
SYN: not interesting, dull
| @ not interesting in any way :
Boring
292
Romantic
Romantic:
| About love
293
About love
Romantic
294
Weird
weird / wɪəd $ wɪrd / adjective
SYN: strange, odd
@ (informal) very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain:
1. A really weird thing happened last night.
Weird:
Very strange or unusual, in a negative way.
295
SYN: strange, odd
@ (informal) very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain:
Very strange or unusual, in a negative way.
Weird
296
Unforgettable
un‧for‧get‧ta‧ble / ˌʌnfər ˈɡetəb ə l / adjective
@ An unforgettable experience, sight etc affects you so strongly that you will never forget it, especially because it is particularly good or beautiful
SYN: memorable
1. A visit to Morocco is a truly unforgettable experience.
Unforgettable:
از ياد نرفتنى ،فراموش نشدنى
297
@ An ....... experience, sight etc affects you so strongly that you will never forget it, especially because it is particularly good or beautiful
SYN: memorable
از ياد نرفتنى ،فراموش نشدنى
Unforgettable
298
Thought-provoking
ˈthought-proˌvoking adjective
@ making people think seriously about a particular subject
or something that makes you think.
SYN : challenging
1. a thought-provoking article
Thought provoking:
چالش انگيز، فكرى و عميق
Provoking:
برانگيزنده
299
@ making people think seriously about a particular subject
or something that makes you think.
SYN : challenging
، فكرى و عميق ،چالش انگيز
Thought-provoking
300
Violent
Violent:
| bloody; with a lot of fighting and killing
301
bloody; with a lot of fighting and killing
Violent
302
Adjectives to describe movies
Adjectives to describe movies:
* funny
* hilarious
* silly
* boring
* romantic
* weird
* unforgettable
* thought-provoking
* violent
303
Excerpt
ex‧cerpt / ˈeks ɜːrpt / noun [ countable ]
SYN extract, selection
@ a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc
2. An excerpt of the speech appeared in the Sunday paper.
Excerpt:
برگزيدن و جداکردن ،گلچين کردن ،قطعه ء منتخب
304
SYN extract, selection
@ a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc
برگزيدن و جداکردن ،گلچين کردن ،قطعه ء منتخب
Excerpt
305
First up
```
first up (British English spoken) (informal)
SYN: first on the list, the first thing to do
```
@ used to introduce the first thing you are going to talk about, or the first thing that is going to happen :
1. First up is the Blues song ‘Mississippi Lad’.
306
SYN: first on the list, the first thing to do
@ used to introduce the first thing you are going to talk about, or the first thing that is going to happen :
First up
307
be a waste of time/money/effort etc
@ be a waste of time/money/effort etc
SYN: passing of time in a useless fashion, not putting time to good use
@ to be not worth the time, money etc that you use because there is little or no result :
1. We should never have gone – it was a total waste of time.
308
SYN: passing of time in a useless fashion, not putting time to good use
@ to be not worth the time, money etc that you use because there is little or no result
be a waste of time/money/effort etc
309
Most
most / məʊst $ moʊst / adverb
[ used before an adjective or adverb to form the superlative ]
@ having the greatest amount of a particular quality
OPP least :
1. The most important thing is to stay calm.
Grammar
@ Use the most when you are comparing one person or thing with all others :
• It was the most terrifying experience of my life.
@ In spoken English, you can also use the most when you are talking about just two people or things :
• Which is the most enjoyable – tennis or squash?
@ However, some users of English think that this use is incorrect and use the more instead :
• Which is the more enjoyable – tennis or squash?
► Do not use most before the -est form of an adjective or adverb :
• one of the hardest things to do (NOT one of the most hardest things to do)
most (determiner , pronoun) [ the superlative of ‘many’ and ‘much’ ]
@ nearly all of the people or things in a group, or nearly all of something
SYN: the majority
2. Like most people, I try to take a vacation every year.
@ at (the) most
used to say that you think an amount cannot be larger than the amount you are mentioning :
* It’ll take 20 minutes at the most.
* The boy looked nine at the very most (= he was probably younger ) .
Grammar
When you mean 'nearly all' use most , not the most :
• Most of the songs (NOT The most of the songs) they played were new.
► If you are talking about a type of person or thing in general rather than a specific group, do not use ‘of’:
• Most people (NOT Most of people) think the law should be changed.
310
Least
least / liːst / (determiner , pronoun)
at least
@ not less than a particular number or amount :
• It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there.
at the (very) least (= not less than and probably much more than )
• It would cost $1 million at the very least.
@ even if something better is not true or is not done :
• At least he didn’t lie to me.
• I don’t expect you to pay me, but you could at least cover my expenses.
311
Alive
a‧live / əˈlaɪv / adjective [ not before noun ]
4 come alive
SYN: become lively
@ if a subject or event comes alive, it becomes interesting and seems real :
• Hopefully, we can make history come alive for the children.
@ if someone comes alive, they suddenly become happy and interested in what is happening :
• She only came alive when she sat down at the piano.
Hopefully:
از روى اميدوارى
312
SYN: become lively
@ if a subject or event comes ..... , it becomes interesting and seems real :
@ if someone comes alive, they suddenly become happy and interested in what is happening :
Alive
313
Stunning
stun‧ning / ˈstʌnɪŋ / adjective
SYN: amazing
1- extremely attractive or beautiful:
• You look absolutely stunning in that dress.
• a stunning view
2- very surprising or shocking
SYN: staggering
• stunning news
— stunningly (adverb) :
• a stunningly beautiful woman
Attractive:
interesting, fascinating, charming
Stunningly beautiful = so wonderfully
Staggering=amazing
314
SYN: amazing
1- extremely attractive or beautiful:
2- very surprising or shocking
SYN: staggering
Stunning
315
Dated
```
dat‧ed / ˈdeɪtəd, ˈdeɪtɪd / adjective
@ old-fashioned
SYN: out-of-date
• That dress looks a bit dated now.
• It was made in 1990, so it’s a little dated now, but it’s still on of the most exiting action movies ever made.
```
316
@ old-fashioned
| SYN: out-of-date
Dated
317
Fast-paced
Fast-paced:
| با گام سريع
318
با گام سريع
Fast-paced:
319
on the edge of your seat
10- on the edge of your seat:
@ giving all your attention to something exciting:
• The film’s ending had me on the edge of my seat.
• This fast-paced thriller kept me on the edge of my seat from beginning to end.
Kept me on the edge: میخکوب
320
@ giving all your attention to something exciting:
میخکوب
on the edge of your seat
321
Give away
give somebody/something away (phrasal verb)
1- to give something to someone because you do not want or need it for yourself:
بخشیدن
SYN: bestow, give
• I gave most of my books away when I left college.
3- to show where someone is or what they are doing or thinking when they are trying to keep this a secret:
آشکار سازی
SYN: exposure of a secret, revelation
• Don’t worry, I won’t give you away.
• Sue tried to smile, but her voice gave her away.
5- to lose in a game or competition by doing something badly or making mistakes :
از دست دادن
• We gave away two goals in the first half.
• The Democrats are now in danger of giving the whole election away.
322
1- to give something to someone because you do not want or need it for yourself:
بخشیدن
SYN: bestow, give
3- to show where someone is or what they are doing or thinking when they are trying to keep this a secret:
آشکار سازی
SYN: exposure of a secret, revelation
5- to lose in a game or competition by doing something badly or making mistakes :
از دست دادن
Give away
323
Plot
```
plot / plɒt $ plɑːt / noun [ countable ]
1- plan
@ a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal
نقشه کشيدن ،طرح ريزى کردن ،توطئه چيدن
• a plot to bomb the UN headquarters
```
2- story/film
@ the events that form the main story of a book, film, or play :
SYN: story, scenario
• The plot was a little confusing.
Headquarters:
،قرارگاه فرماندهى ،قرارگاه ،مرکز فرماندهى
324
1- plan
@ a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal
نقشه کشيدن ،طرح ريزى کردن ،توطئه چيدن
2- story/film
@ the events that form the main story of a book, film, or play :
SYN: story, scenario
Plot
325
Submarine
sub‧ma‧rine / ˈsʌbməriːn, ˌsʌbməˈriːn / ( also sub ) noun [ countable ]
@ a ship, especially a military one, that can stay under water :
• a nuclear submarine
زیردریایی
326
@ a ship, especially a military one, that can stay under water :
زیردریایی
Submarine
327
Crew
crew / kruː / noun
1- [ countable ] all the people who work on a ship or plane :
SYN: SAILORS, mariners
* He joined the crew of a large fishing boat.
* a crew member
2- [ countable ] a group of people working together with special skills :
SYN: group, band, gang
• a TV camera crew
328
1- [ countable ] all the people who work on a ship or plane :
SYN: SAILORS, mariners
2- [ countable ] a group of people working together with special skills :
SYN: group, band, gang
Crew
329
Escape
```
es‧cape / ɪˈskeɪp / verb
1- person/place
@ [ intransitive ] to leave a place when someone is trying to catch you or stop you, or when there is a dangerous situation :
SYN: GET AWAY FROM
رفتن ،گريختن
```
* He broke down the locked door and escaped.
* He escaped from prison in October.
* He escaped with minor injuries.
330
@ [ intransitive ] to leave a place when someone is trying to catch you or stop you, or when there is a dangerous situation :
SYN: GET AWAY FROM
رفتن ،گريختن
Escape
331
be sure to do something (spoken)
8- be sure to do something (spoken)
@ used to tell someone to remember to do something:
SYN: REMEMBER TO, don't forget to
* Be sure to ring and let us know you’ve got back safely.
* If you want a good laugh, be sure to see this film.
332
@ used to tell someone to remember to do something:
| SYN: REMEMBER TO, don't forget to
be sure to do something (spoken)
333
Kind of
kind / kaɪnd / noun
4- kind of ( also kinda American English ) (spoken)
@ slightly but not exactly, or in some ways
SYN: sort of
* I’m kind of glad I didn’t win.
* He’s kinda dumb, isn’t he?
Kind of:
تاحدى ،تا درجه اى
Dumb:
گنگ، بى صدا، كند ذهن
334
@ slightly but not exactly, or in some ways
SYN: sort of
تاحدى ،تا درجه اى
Kind of
