Topic 1

Question 1

Why is Scientific knowledge subjected to change?

Answer 1

New observations made / new evidence found

Question 2

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 2

1. Identify problem
2. Conduct research
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Test hypothesis
5. Collect data and analyse
6. Draw conclusion

Question 3

Defenition of ¨Accuracy¨

Answer 3

Closeness of measurement to true value

Question 4

Defenition of ¨Precision¨

Answer 4

Closeness of agreement between meausred values

Question 5

SI unit for length, mass, time, temperature, electric current?

Answer 5

Metre(m), kilogram(kg), second(s), kelvin(K), ampere(A)

Question 6

Prefixes(e.g micro), and their standard form

Answer 6

Micro- 1x10-6
Milli- 1x10-3
Deci- 1x10-2
Centi-1x10-1
Kilo-1x103
Mega-1x106

Question 7

Parts of a bunsen burner and their functions

Answer 7

1. Barrel- raise height of flame for burning
2. Collar- regulate air entering
3. Gas get- enable gas to escape gas supply and draw in air
4. Air hole- allow air to enter
5. Gas tap- control flow of gas

Question 8

State and explain the characteristics of a non-luminous flame

Answer 8

Very hot, steady, blue, produce little soot
There is complete combustion because of excess oxygen

Question 9

State and explain the characteristics of a luminous flame

Answer 9

Not very hot, unstady, orange, produce lots of soot
Incomplete combustion because of limited supply of oxygen

Question 10

State the different parts of a flame and their colours

Answer 10

In top to bottom format:
Complete combustion (colourless)
Partial combustion (blue)
Unburnt gas ( dark blue)

Question 11

Defenition of ¨length¨

Answer 11

Distance between to specific points

Question 12

How to ensure accurate measurements of length

Answer 12

Ensure eye positioned vertically above the mark to prevent parallax error

Question 13

Why is the tip at the zero mark on a ruler made of metal

Answer 13

Prevent wear and tear to ensure accurate measurements from zero mark

Question 14

Function of internal calipers

Answer 14

Measure internal diameter

Question 15

Function of external calipers

Answer 15

Measure external diamter

Question 16

Precision and parts of digital calipers

Answer 16

Precision up to 0.01mm, recorded to 0.1mm

Insider jaw
Outside jaw
Locking screw- ensure jaws do not move
Digital display
Zero button
Scale
Tip- measure depth

Question 17

Precision and parts of digital micrometer screw gauge

Answer 17

Precision up to 0.001mm, recorded to 0.01mm
Anvil + spindle- measure diamter
Digital display
Zero button
Scales
Thimble
Ratchet- adjust spindle to be in contact with object

Question 18

Defenition of ¨area¨, and its SI unit

Answer 18

Size of a surface
SI unit: m2

Question 19

How to measure area more accurately

Answer 19

Use smaller unit square

Question 20

Defenition of ¨volume¨, and its SI unit

Answer 20

Amount of space and object takes up
SI unit: m3

Question 21

How to record level of solution in measuring cylinder

Answer 21

Place eyes at the same level of the bottom of meniscus, record to precision of half of smallest interval
*For dark coloured solution, read top of meniscus

Question 22

Defenition of ¨mass¨

Answer 22

Amount of matter in a substance

Question 23

What instruments are used to measure mass

Answer 23

Beam balance or electronic balance

Question 24

What instruments are used to measure mass

Answer 24

Beam balance or electronic balance

Question 25

Defenition of ¨weight¨, its SI unit, formula and what instruments are used to measure weight

Answer 25

Force of gravity acting on an object SI unit: newton w = m x g Spring balance or compression balance

Question 26

Defenition of ¨density¨, its SI unit, and formula

Answer 26

An objects mass per unit volume SI unit: kg/m3 or g/cm3 (1000kg/m3 = 1g/cm3) p = m/v

Question 27

Do objects with higher densities float or sink

Answer 27

Higher density- sink Lower density- float

Question 28

Defenition of ¨oscillation¨

Answer 28

to and fro movement of bob

Question 29

Defenition of ¨period¨

Answer 29

time take for 1 oscillation T= time taken for x oscillation/x or T2=4π2 x L/g

Question 30

Defenition of ¨frequency¨ and its SI unit

Answer 30

Number of oscillations in 1 second\ SI unit: hertz(h)

Question 31

Defenition of ¨amplitude¨

Answer 31

Max displacement of bob from its rest position

Question 32

1. Why starting position of bob is <10 degrees? 2. Why start counting after few oscillations?

Answer 32

1. Ensure bob won´t swing out of plane 2. Ensure oscillations are stable

Question 33

What affects/doesn´t affect period of oscillation

Answer 33

Mass doesn´t affect Length affect Grav. field strenght affects

Question 34

Defenition of ¨rate¨

Answer 34

Comparison of 2 physical quantities

Question 35

Defenition of ¨distance¨

Answer 35

Total length covered

Question 36

Defenition of ¨displacement¨

Answer 36

Straight-line distance covered

Question 37

Defenition of ¨speed¨

Answer 37

Rate of change of distance

Question 38

Defenition of ¨velocity¨

Answer 38

Rate of change of displacement in a specific direction