Topic 1

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

All organisms consist of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of all organisms
All cells come from pre-existing, living cells

Question 2

Common functions of cells

Answer 2

Duplicate DNA
Use DNA and RNA to make proteins
Handle energy transfer
Regulate exchange of materials

Question 3

What is a um

Answer 3

1000th of a mm
Micro metre

Question 4

General size of bacterial and archaea

Answer 4

1-5 um

Question 5

General size of plants and animal cells

Answer 5

10 - 100 um

Question 6

Factors limiting cell size

Answer 6

Diffusion rate of molecules
Maintaining concentration of substances on cells

Question 7

What does a higher SA/V ratio mean

Answer 7

More efficient exchange of materials

Question 8

SA formula

Answer 8

6s^2
S = length of side

Question 9

Name unicellular and multicellular organisms

Answer 9

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic (respectively)

Question 10

Categories of prokaryotes

Answer 10

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 11

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Answer 11

Genetic info storage: nucleoid vs nucleus
Membrane bound organelles: lacks vs has
Division: binary fission vs mitosis/meiosis/cytokinesis

Question 12

What prokaryote can live in extreme conditions (ie. pH 2, temp >100^o C

Answer 12

Archaea

Question 13

what material exchange process do membrane-bound organelles require

Answer 13

membrane fusion events

Question 14

Which plant organelles differ from animal cells

Answer 14

Cell wall
Plastids (eg.. Chloroplasts)
Vacuole
Peroxisome

Question 15

common structures of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 15

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

Question 16

structure of plasma membrane

Answer 16

phospholipid bilayer with proteins (polar head, non-polar tails)

Question 17

Membrane function

Answer 17

• Define boundaries
• Serves as site for biochemical functions
  -Transport solutes in and out of the cell
• Detect and transmit electrical and chemical signals
• Provide mechanisms for cell to cell contact, adhesion and communication

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

Takes up majority internal volume of the cell

Composition: cytosol, organelles and cytoskeleton fibres

Question 19

Cytosol

Answer 19

semi-fluid part of the cell
site where many chemical reactions take place

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

non-membrane bound
made of RNA and proteins
two sub units: -large subunit and - small subunit
free or grouped (RER)
function: protein synthesis

Question 21

Animal cell components

Answer 21

cell membrane
cytosol
organelles:
nucleus
Cytoskeleton
mitochondria
ER
Golgi complex
lysosome
Peroxisome
ribosome

Question 22

Nucleus envelope

Answer 22

double membrane which covers the nucleus

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

‘information centre’
- covered by nuclear envelope
- contains chromatin (DNA and proteins)
- pores
- Nucleolus

Question 24

Nuclear pores

Answer 24

form channels
transport molecules such as RNA, proteins and ions but NOT chromosomes

Question 25

Nucleolus

Answer 25

site of ribosome component synthesis

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

3D array of interlaced proteinaceous structures function: internal framework for shape of cell (ie.intermediate filament) - organelle/cell movement, contractility (ie. microfilaments) - permits cell division (ie. microtubules) - influences water distribution

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

double membrane (outer mem. and inner mem) function: - geberation of energy (ATP); aerobic respiration

Question 28

Inner membrane of mitochondria folds

Answer 28

Cristae