Topic 1 Flashcards

Question

What is the IWC?

Answer 1

IWC – International Whaling Commission The IWC aims to control (not ban) whaling and ensure sustainable exploitation by conserving whale stocks.

Answer 2

*Some species are too large to be kept in captivity * Some species have very specific requirements which cannot be easily met in captivity * It may be difficult to provide enough food for the animals * It may be difficult to provide food in the right way * Keeping animals in zoos or plants in botanic gardens is expensive * Some species have complicated species interactions

Answer 3

*Some species do not breed in captivity. Not enough is known about the habitat requirements of each species to be able to provide the right conditions for successful breeding * Some individuals may be stimulated to come into breeding condition by many factors such as day length, light level, temperature etc. If the factor that stimulates a particular species to breed is not understood, then it is difficult to provide it * Captive breeding may cause inbreeding to occur. Inbreeding describes breeding between closely related individuals. Inbreeding increases the risk of recessive genes producing offspring with disadvantageous characteristics

Answer 4

*The viability of the seeds declines with increasing periods of storage, and so the gene pool would be reduced * It is easy to store enough small seeds in a seed bank, but to store enough large seeds or fruit such as coconuts would be hard * Seeds that are naturally preserved by drying can be kept easily but seeds and fruit with a higher water content, such as coconuts, are harder to store

Answer 5

Eggs, sperm and embryos can be deep frozen by cryopreservation so that they can be used in captive breeding programmes in the future. Deep frozen sperm can be transported much more easily and for much longer distances than the male animal itself. Also, frozen sperm can be used long after the male animal has died.

Answer 6

Breeding by artificial insemination reduces the problems and risks of moving animals. Semen may be introduced into the uterus of the female animal when she has released eggs and can become pregnant, or the eggs may be removed from the female, fertilised with sperm and returned to her uterus

Answer 7

The transfer of fertilised embryos or embryos from a female of a rare species, into females of closely related more common species. This enables more young to be produced than could be achieved through normal breeding.

Answer 8

A tissue culture where many clusters of cells can be produced from a single young plant or tissue sample. Each cell cluster can be cultivated to produce an individual plant. In this way, many plants can be produced from a single original plant, all of which are genetically identical.

Answer 9

* They may not recognise food species or poisonous foods because they would not have been familiar with them in captivity Threats to Wildlife and Conservation, Conservation in the UK, Conservation Abroad, Life Processes in the Biosphere and Land Resources * They may not have developed essential survival skills such as the ability to hunt for prey * They may have no immunity to local diseases * The threat to their habitat may still be present * They may not be accepted by the indigenous population. This makes it harder to find a mate and they may be more likely to be killed by predators without the protection of living in a group

Answer 10

* Controlling succession * Culling or removing undesirable or non-native species * Providing suitable biotic and abiotic conditions * Planting biological corridors e.g. hedgerows to link up habitats and combat forest fragmentation

Answer 11

The Environmental Stewardship Scheme (ESS). The ESS provides financial support to farmers to steward and encourage environmentally beneficial development. Points are awarded for individual features of the farm that benefit wildlife.

Answer 12

* To conserve wildlife (biodiversity) * To maintain and enhance the landscape quality and character * To promote public access and understanding * To protect natural resources

Answer 13

*Hedgerow management – gap infill and A shape trimming * Ditch management * Grassland management * Building dry stone walls * Planting in-field trees to provide shelter, perch sites, nest sites for birds and habitats for other animals and insects * Creating riverbank buffer strips – these help to prevent pesticides and fertilisers from flowing into rivers * Uncultivated field corners * Beetle banks – these are strips of wild grass for beetles to live in. Beetles are natural predators and mean farmers are able to use fewer pesticides

Answer 14

*To restore, create and enhance thousands of hectares of land to benefit both people and wildlife * To protect and increase populations of key, threatened species (particularly birds) * To improve wildlife law enforcement * To protect and conserve birds living on the coast and marine environments * To protect important wildlife sites * To help farmland bird populations to recover by advising farmers and landowners to conserve priority farmland bird species and habitats * To work with farmers to recover populations of lapwings, tree sparrows, corn buntings, turtle doves and other farmland birds, by creating suitable habitats using agri-environmental schemes

Answer 15

* Restoring, creating and enhancing a variety of habitats including reedbeds, heathland, chalk grassland and wetlands * Protecting and increasing populations of key, threatened species * Protecting important wildlife sites through campaigns * Conserving coastal birds and coastal/marine environments

Answer 16

World Wide Fund For Nature WWF has three main aims: to save endangered species, to protect endangered habitats and to address global threats.

Answer 17

This is done for timber, fence posts and fuel. It increases biodiversity on the woodland floor by letting in more light

Answer 18

This means cutting at over 2m, often in towns or to prevent deer eating new shoots

Topic 1 Flashcards

(43 cards)