Topic 1

Question 1

The branch of geology dealing with earth materials that can be used for economic and/or industrial purposes, anything that may be useful to mankind.

Answer 1

Economic Geology

Question 2

The branch of geology dealing with earth materials that can be used for economic and/or industrial purposes, anything that may be useful to mankind.

Answer 2

Geologic Resource

Question 3

Types of Geologic Resources

petroleum (oil and natural gas), coal, uranium, geothermal resources

Answer 3

Energy resource

Question 4

Types of Geologic Resources

iron, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, gold, silver, platinum, nickel, chromium

Answer 4

Metals

Question 5

Types of Geologic Resources

sand and gravel, limestone, building stone, salt, sulfur, gems, gypsum, phosphates, groundwater

Answer 5

Non-metallic resources

Question 6

Ground water

Answer 6

water resource

Question 7

Absolute volume of a mineral commodity in existence, independent of economics and technology

Answer 7

Resource

Question 8

Known quantity of a resource available (produced at a profit)
Dependant on current economic conditions (including demand) and extant technology

Answer 8

Reserves

Question 9

Ratio of ore material concentration to average crustal concentration

Answer 9

Concentration factor

Question 10

 A desirable commodity must occur in a mineral form that is readily processed to produce the commodity
 Associated, unwanted mineral material (gangue) and waste after processing (tailings) must be considered in economic assessment

Answer 10

Mode of occurrence

Question 11

Ore deposits require

Answer 11

 Source for metals (or other elements)
 Means of concentrating elements into usable quantities

Question 12

Types of Ore Deposits

Answer 12

Magmatic (cumulate, lode, pegmatite)
 Hydrothermal (porphyry, vein, skarn, exhalative, epigenetic)
 Sedimentary (placer, BIF, laterite, evaporite)

Question 13

Native elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, diamond, sulfur)
 Sulfides and sulfosalts (pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena)
 Oxides and hydroxides (magnetite, chromite, corundum, hematite, rutile)

Answer 13

Ore Mineral

Question 14

an adjunct field of Economic Geology that helps to locate and manage the Earth’s natural resources - coal, as well as mineral
resources, which include metals and non-metals.

Answer 14

Mining Geology

Question 15

the naturally occurring material
from which a mineral or minerals of
economic value can be extracted at a
reasonable profit

Answer 15

Ore

Question 16

the average abundance of an element
in the crust of the earth

Answer 16

Clarke

Question 17

the concentration of an element in a rock
compared with its average concentration in
the earth’s crust, or of an element within a
particular mineral

Answer 17

Clarke of concentration