Topic 1 Flashcards
What is emancipation?
The process of freeing enslaved individuals
Emancipation is most commonly associated with the Emancipation Proclamation issued during the Civil War.
What were Black Codes?
Laws enacted in the South to restrict the rights of freed Black people
Black Codes aimed to maintain white supremacy and control over Black labor.
What are the Reconstruction Amendments?
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
These amendments abolished slavery, granted citizenship, and protected voting rights for African Americans.
Who were the Buffalo Soldiers?
African American soldiers who served in the U.S. Army after the Civil War
They played a significant role in the Indian Wars and the expansion of the American frontier.
What was the Ghost Dance Movement?
A spiritual movement among Native Americans in the late 19th century
It aimed to restore Native American culture and bring about a renewal of life.
What role did cowboys play in multiculturalism?
Cowboys represented a mix of cultures, including Mexican, Black, and Indigenous influences
They contributed to the development of the American West.
What were Native American boarding schools?
Institutions aimed at assimilating Native American children into Euro-American culture
These schools often stripped children of their cultural identities.
What does Jim Crow refer to?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South
Jim Crow laws were in effect from the late 19th century until the civil rights movement.
What was the anti-lynching campaign?
A movement aimed at ending the practice of lynching African Americans
The campaign sought to raise awareness and push for legal reforms.
What is sharecropping?
A system where farmers, often former slaves, worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops
Sharecropping often led to cycles of debt and poverty.
What was the Rise of Black Churches?
The establishment of independent Black churches following emancipation
These churches became centers for community, education, and civil rights activism.
What was the Ku Klux Klan?
A white supremacist hate group formed in the post-Civil War South
The KKK aimed to maintain white dominance through intimidation and violence.
What was the dissension within the suffrage movement over the 15th Amendment?
Disagreement among suffragists regarding whether to support the amendment that granted Black men the right to vote while ignoring women’s suffrage
Some women’s rights activists felt betrayed by prioritizing Black male suffrage over their own.
What is Presidential Reconstruction?
The initial phase of Reconstruction led by President Andrew Johnson
It was characterized by leniency towards the South and the rapid reintegration of Southern states.
What is Congressional/Radical Reconstruction?
The period of Reconstruction led by Congress that sought to impose stricter terms on the Southern states
This phase included the passage of the Reconstruction Amendments.
What is the Dawes Act?
A law aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land
The act sought to break up tribal lands and promote individual land ownership.
What does disfranchisement refer to?
The removal of the right to vote from certain groups, particularly African Americans
The case Williams v. Mississippi upheld laws that disenfranchised Black voters.
What is segregation?
The enforced separation of different racial groups in society
The case Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.
What are Transcontinental Railroads?
Railroads that connected the East and West coasts of the United States
They played a crucial role in the economic development and westward expansion.
What is Open Range Cattle?
A system of grazing cattle on unfenced public land in the West
This practice was essential for the cattle industry before the establishment of barbed wire.
What is the Lost Cause Myth?
A narrative that romanticizes the Confederate cause and downplays the role of slavery in the Civil War
This myth has been used to justify racial segregation and discrimination.
What are Vaudeville shows?
Variety shows that featured different acts, including music, comedy, and drama
Vaudeville was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What are Minstrel shows?
Theatrical performances that mocked African American culture, often using blackface
These shows perpetuated negative stereotypes and were widely popular in the 19th century.
What is the Romanticism of the West?
A cultural movement idealizing the American frontier and cowboy life
This includes the Cowboy stereotype and works by artists like Bierstadt and the Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show.
