topic 1

Question 1

In the engineering environment, the ______ are almost always a sample that has been selected from the population.

Answer 1

data

Question 2

This type of data collection method uses either all or a sample of the historical process data archived over some period of time. It may involve a significant amount of data, but those data may contain information that are relatively
of little use about the problem.

Answer 2

Retrospective Study

Question 3

In this type of data collection method, the
engineer observes the process or population, disturbing it as little as possible, and records the quantities of interest. Because these studies are usually conducted for a relatively short period, sometimes variables that are not routinely measured can be included.

Answer 3

Observational Study

Question 4

In this type of data collection method, the
engineer makes deliberate or purposeful changes in the controllable variables of the
system or process, observes the resulting system output data, and then makes an inference or decision about which variables
are responsible for the observed changes in output performance.

Answer 4

Designed Experiment

Question 5

Methods of Data Collection

Answer 5

Retrospective Study
Observational Study
Designed Experiments

Question 6

This is is a way to ask a lot of people a
few well-constructed questions.

Answer 6

Survey

Question 7

This is a series of unbiased questions that
respondents must answer.

Answer 7

Survey

Question 8

Methods for Administering a Survey

Answer 8

• Face-to-face interview or a phone interview
• Self-administered survey

Question 9

This is where the researcher is questioning the subject.

Answer 9

Face-to-face interview or a phone interview

Question 10

This is where the subject can complete a survey on paper and mail it back or complete the survey online.

Answer 10

Self-administered survey

Question 11

Steps in Designing a Survey

Answer 11

1. Determine the goal of your survey.
2. Identify the sample population.
3. Choose an interviewing method.
4. Decide what questions you will ask in what order, and how to phrase them.
5. Conduct the interview and collect the information.
6. Analyze the results by making graphs and drawing conclusions.

Question 12

This is a branch of applied statistics focused on planning, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting controlled tests to evaluate how factors (input variables) influence responses (output variables).

Answer 12

Design of Experiments (DOE)

Question 13

These are the input variables.

Answer 13

factors

Question 14

These are the output variables.

Answer 14

Responses

Question 15

It provides a systematic and efficient method for scientists and engineers to explore relationships between multiple variables, enabling data collection and discoveries to improve processes or systems.

Answer 15

Design of Experiments

Question 16

Objectives of DOE

Answer 16

1. Reduce time to design/develop new products & processes.
2. Improve performance of existing processes.
3. Improve reliability and performance of products.
4. Achieve product & process robustness.

Question 17

This is where different settings of two factors are tested to see what the resulting yield is.

Answer 17

Trial and Error Method

Question 18

This is where the value of one factor is changed, then the response is measured, then the process is repeated with another factor.

Answer 18

One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) Method

Question 19

This is neither the explanatory variable nor the response variable but has a relationship with the response and the
explanatory variable. It is not considered in the study but could influence the relationship between the variables in the study.

Answer 19

lurking variable

Question 20

enables us to derive a statistical model to predict results as a function of the two factors and their combined effect

Answer 20

DOE

Question 21

Steps for Planning, Conducting and
Analyzing an Experiment

Answer 21

1. Recognition and statement of the problem
2. Choice of factors, levels, and ranges
3. Selection of the response variable(s)
4. Choice of design
5. Conducting the experiment
6. Statistical analysis
7. Drawing conclusions, and making
   recommendation

Question 22

These are factors that you can specify (and set the levels) and then assign at random as the treatment to the experimental units.

Answer 22

Experimental Factors

Question 23

These factors cannot be changed or
assigned, these come as labels on the
experimental units.

Answer 23

Classification Factors

Question 24

In this factor, you can assign any specified level.

Answer 24

Quantitative Factor

Question 25

These factors have categories which are different types.

Answer 25

Qualitative Factors

Question 26

Basic Principles of Design of Experiment (DOE)

Answer 26

1. Randomization 2. Replication 3. Blocking 4. Factorial Design

Question 27

This is where experimental units are assigned to treatment groups randomly to eliminate bias.

Answer 27

Randomization

Question 28

This is where experiments are repeated to ensure reliability and estimate experimental error.

Answer 28

Replication

Question 29

This is where similar units are grouped together to control for known sources of variability.

Answer 29

Blocking

Question 30

This is where multiple factors are studied simultaneously to understand their main effects and interactions.

Answer 30

Factorial Design

Question 31

DOE vs. OFAT/Trial-and-Error DOE requires ___________.

Answer 31

fewer trials

Question 32

DOE is ___________ in finding the best settings to maximize yield.

Answer 32

more effective

Question 33

DOE enables us to derive a _____________ to predict results as a function of the two factors and their combined effect.

Answer 33

statistical model