topic 1

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area with low concentration - no energy needed

Question 2

active transport

Answer 2

the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area with high concentration against the concentration gradient

Question 3

7 food groups?

Answer 3

carbs-energy
proteins-growth and repair
lipids-energy store
vitamins-health
fibres-gut health
minerals-health
water-cell reactions

Question 4

1mm = 1000um
x1000

Answer 4

1000um = 1mm
/1000

Question 5

resolution

Answer 5

the ability to distinguish between the points on an image (detail)

Question 6

magnification=

Answer 6

image size/actual size

Question 7

differentation

Answer 7

the process by which the stems cells transform into other types of cells

Question 8

specialise cells

Answer 8

cells with specific features to form a particular function

Question 9

some specialised cells

Answer 9

muscle cells
red blood cells
nerve cells
sperm cells
phloem and xylem cells
root hair cells

Question 10

starch

Answer 10

iodine orange to blue black

Question 11

sugar

Answer 11

benedicts (heat in water bath) blue to brick red (green, yellow, brick red )

Question 12

protein

Answer 12

buriets blue to purple

Question 13

lipids

Answer 13

ethonal and water clear and colour less to cloudy white

Question 14

amylase breaks down starch into

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

protease breaks down protein into

Answer 15

amino acids

Question 16

lipase breaks down lipids

Answer 16

fatty acid and glycerol

Question 17

small intestine adaptations

Answer 17

large surface area - absorbtion
thin walls -short diffusion pathway
good blood supply- steep concentration gradient
lots of mitocondria - energy for diffusion
walls folded into villi

Question 18

where are carbohydrates, protiens and lipids all found

Answer 18

pancreas and small intestine

Question 19

order of the blood flow around the heart deoxygenated side eg right

Answer 19

return from body
vena carva
right atrium
right wentricle
pulmonary artery
lungs

Question 20

order of the blood flow around the heart oxygenated side eg left

Answer 20

return from lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body

Question 21

dependent

Answer 21

measure

Question 22

control

Answer 22

same

Question 23

independent

Answer 23

change

Question 24

bile

Answer 24

bile emuslifies fat
large insoluble to small and soluble

Question 25

cancer

Answer 25

uncontrolled growth of cells

Question 26

order of bile

Answer 26

stored in gall bladder neutralised in stomach acid produced in liver transferred to small intestine

Question 27

stents

Answer 27

a small mesh tubes to keep blood vessels open allowing blood flow

Question 28

statins

Answer 28

a medication that protects arteries and lowers chloesterol

Question 29

osmosis

Answer 29

the diffusion of water from dilute to a concentrated solution through a partially permiable membrane

Question 30

osmosis practicle

Answer 30

peel potatoes (skin could affect the rate of osmosis ) use a cork borer to produce 3 cylinders cut them to be even length (approx 3cm) measure the mass and length place each in a seperate beaker with 10cm3 0.25 mollar of sugar solution 10cm3 0.5 mollar of sugar solution 10cm3 of distilled water leave over night gently wipe the surface of the potato with a towel to remove surface moister measure mass and length again and calculate percentage change %=change/orignal mass x100

Question 31

food test practicle

Answer 31

take a food sample mix with water and grind with mortar and pestle - to make a paste transfer to the beaker and add more water -stir filter solution to remove food particles starch 2cm3 soloution few drops iodine-colour change sugar 2cm3 solution heat in water bath for 5 mins 10 drops benedicts -colour change protein 2cm3 solution, 2cm3 buirets - colour change lipids don't filter 2cm3 solution few drops of water few drops of ethonal gentle shake colour change

Question 32

microscope practicle

Answer 32

drop of water to a clean slide cut onion and use epidermal tissues place epidermal tissue on water drop of iodine to stain - highlight the object place cover slip over the top lowest objective lens use coarse focus till you get a clear image fine focus to bring cells into focus calculate magnification

Question 33

cells dividing is called

Answer 33

mitosis

Question 34

binary fission is

Answer 34

a process of asexual reproduction and division where a single celled organism divides into 2 identicle daughter cells

Question 35

what are stem cells

Answer 35

cells with the potential to develop into other cells

Question 36

artery

Answer 36

small lumen thick walls thick muscle and elastic fibres carry blood at high pressure

Question 37

vein

Answer 37

thin walls large lumen thin muscle and elastic fibres valves to stop back flow

Question 38

capillary

Answer 38

tiny small lumen thin walls carry blood to body cells

Question 39

components of blood (4)

Answer 39

plasma-liquid part carries everything platelets-help blood clot red blood cells-haemaglobin white blood cells -protects us from infection

Question 40

what carries out gas exchange

Answer 40

alveoli

Question 41

phloem

Answer 41

translocation - up and down, dissovleved sugars

Question 42

xylem

Answer 42

carry water and mineral ions transpiration only up, walls strengthend by lignin

Question 43

enzymatic reactions

Answer 43

1 drop of iodine spotting tile 2cm3 amylase stach and ph5 buffer 3 different test tubes water baths for 10mins all tubes together start stop watch transfer drop every 10 seconds record time no longer colour changed repeat with ph6 ph7 ph8 and 9