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A Level Biology - Seneca Topic Flashcards > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Artery Function?

A

Carry Oxygenated blood away from heart

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2
Q

Vein Function?

A

Carry Deoxygenated blood towards the Heart

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3
Q

Pulmonary Artery special function?

A
  • Only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

- Carried from heart to the lungs

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4
Q

Pulmonary Vein special function?

A
  • Only vein to carry oxygenated blood

- Carried from lungs to the heart

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5
Q

Aorta?

A

-Oxygenated blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Vena Cava?

A

-Carries deoxygenated blood into the heart

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7
Q

Coronary Artery?

A

-Blood vessels supplying blood to the heart

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8
Q

Renal Artery?

A

-Oxygenated blood flows to get to kidneys

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9
Q

Atoms in Water charges?

A
  • Oxygen atoms -> Slightly Negative Charge

- Hydrogen -> Slightly Positive Charge

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10
Q

What does Water include to be important?

A
  • Reactant in cells
  • Provides structural support
  • Keeps organisms cool - maintain temp
  • Hydrogen bonding
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11
Q

Heat of Vaporisation meaning in Water?

A

Amount of energy needed to to change one gram of liquid to gas

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12
Q

Cohesive Properties meaning in Water?

A

Strong attraction between molecules due to hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

Specific Heat Capacity meaning in Water?

A

Amount of heat one gram of substance absorbs/loses to change temp by one degree celsius

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14
Q

Good Solvent meaning in Water?

A

Ions and Polar molecules can easily dissolve in water

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15
Q

Good Metabolite meaning in Water?

A

Used or formed in many reactions eg condensation and hydrolysis

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16
Q

Capillaries function

A

Very thin walls for gas exchange between blood and organs

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17
Q

Location of Capillaries and why it helps?

A
  • Very close to body cells
  • Very short diffusion distance
  • Rapid Gas exchange
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18
Q

Walls of Capillaries and why it helps?

A
  • Endothelium is one cell thick

- Allows efficient gas exchange

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19
Q

Surface Area of Capillaries and why it helps?

A
  • Arterioles split into million of capillaries that form networks around body (capillary beds)
  • Create large SA
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20
Q

Role of the Lymphatic System?

A

Recycles excess tissue fluid

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21
Q

Arterioles

A

Small blood vessels which branch from arteries

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22
Q

Venules

A

Small blood vessels that collect blood coming out of capillaries

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23
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that transport blood back to the heart, have a thin muscle wall

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24
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that transport blood away from the heart to the organ, have a thick muscular wall

25
Q

How are substances carried in the capillaries

A

Tissue Fluid

26
Q

What is Tissue fluid?

A

Combination of oxygen, water and nutrients

27
Q

What is Pressure Filtration?

A

Substances that move into the tissue fluid from the capillaries

28
Q

How does the Pressure Gradient affect Capillaries?

A
  • High Pressure Gradient at entrance to capillary bed

- High pressure creates pressure gradient

29
Q

Movement of Fluid in Capillaries?

A

-Flows down pressure gradient into the surrounding space (Pressure Filtration)

30
Q

What occurs in Right Ventricle?

A
  • RA Contracts -> deox. blood -> RV

- RV Contracts -> deox. blood -> Pulm Art -> Lungs

31
Q

Function of Atrio-Ventricular Valves?

A

-prevents blood RV -> RA

32
Q

Function of Semi-Lunar Valves?

A

-prevents blood Pulm -> RV

33
Q

What occurs in Right Atrium?

A

-Deox enters via Vena Cava

34
Q

What occurs in Left Atrium?

A

-Oxy blood -> LA via pulm vein

35
Q

What occurs in Left Ventricle?

A
  • LA contracts -> LV

- LV muscle thicker muscle to transport around body

36
Q

Effect of Cardiac Cycle on Ventricle Pressure?

A
  • Contraction causes massive inc in pressure
  • Slight inc. when ventricles relax
  • Slight inc. atrial contraction
37
Q

Atria in the Cardiac Cycle?

A
  • Contract = inc. pressure

- Relax = dec. pressure

38
Q

Stages in Cardiac Cycle?

A

1) Contraction of atria
2) Blood -> Ventricles
3) Contaction of Ventricles
4) Atrio-Ven valves shut
5) Blood forced out of heart
6) Semi-Lunar valves shut
7) Relaxation of Ven. and atria

39
Q

Atheroma

A

deposition of materials in the walls of the arteries

40
Q

Effects of Atherosclerosis?

A
  • Endothelium damaged due to lipid and WBC deposited
  • LDL transports cholesterol in blood
  • cholesterol builds up - atheroma formed
  • Overtime they form hard fibrous plaque
41
Q

Narrow Lumen Consequences - Atherosclerosis

A
  • Due to Fibrous Plaque built up (Atheroma)

- Increased Blood Pressure

42
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

A

-Due to lots of Atheromas

43
Q

What is Atherosclerosis

A

-Blockage of an artery due to build up of fatty acids

44
Q

What can Atherosclerosis Cause

A
  • Angina - chest pains

- myocardial infections

45
Q

What is an Aneurysm

A

-Increased blood pressure can cause elastic fibres in the artery to swell

46
Q

What is Thrombosis

A

-Platelets combine to form a clot

47
Q

3 factors which can cause CVD?

A
  • Smoking
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Diet
48
Q

Smoking effect on CVD?

A

-Carbon Monoxide reduces amount of oxygen haemoglobin can take

49
Q

High Blood Pressure effect on CVD?

A

-Can cause Atheromas forming

50
Q

Diet effect on CVD?

A
  • High in fat = higher cholesterol levels

- contributes to formation of atheromas

51
Q

4 types of treatment for CVD?

A
  • Statins
  • Antihypertensives
  • Anticoagulants
  • Platelet inhibitors
52
Q

Statins treatment

A
  • Statins lower cholesterol (LDLs)

- should be taken everyday

53
Q

Side effects of Statins

A
  • Headaches

- Feeling sick

54
Q

Antihypertensives treatment

A
  • Used to treat high blood pressure

- eg beta blocker

55
Q

Side effects of Antihypertensives

A

-Headaches

56
Q

Anticoagulants treatment

A
  • Used to lower the risk of blood clots

- Warfarin

57
Q

Side effects of Anticoagulants

A
  • Nose bleeds

- Severe bleeding

58
Q

Platelets Inhibitors treatment

A

-Prevent platelets combining meaning less chance of clot forming

59
Q

Side effects of Platelets inhibitors

A
  • Excessive Bleeding

- Nausea

A Level Biology - Seneca Topic Flashcards (8 decks)

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