Topic 1 Flashcards
Define anatomy and physiology. Learn the levels of organisation ans how the body system work together, life processes, homeostasis, anatomical terms, body cavities and regions. (40 cards)
Define anatomy
Anatomy is the science of structure and relationships among structures
Define physiology
Science of body functions, study of how body parts function.
What are the 6 levels of organisation and describe each of them
The levels organisations are chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system and organism.
Chemical= atoms Cellular=cells with organelles Tissue= Groups of ells Organ=groups of tissures System=groups of organs Organismal= all systems.
Why is it important for the body systems to work together?
To maintain health, protect from disease and reproduction.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Protects all systems by acting as a barrier between the external environment and internal tissues and organs.
Define metabolism
Chemical reactions in the body. Break down of large complexe molecules into smaller molecules.
Describe responsiveness
It is the ability of the body to detect and respond to changes in the body.
Describe the movement in the body
Movents includes motion in the whole body, individual organs, single cells and tiny organelles in a cell.
What is differentiation?
Unspecialised cells become specialised
What is reproduction?
Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement or production of a new individual
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis ensures that the internal environment remains steady despite the changes.
How is homeostasis controlled and maintained?
It is controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems. Maintained my feedback mechanisms
What is a stimulus?
A stimulus is when there is a disruption that causes a change in a controlled condition.
What are the components of the feedback system?
Control centre, receptor and effector.
What is a negative feedback system?
It reverses a change.
What is a positive feedback system? Is it good or bad?
It strenghtens a change. Usually destructive or deadly but can be benificial for chilbirth, ovulation etc.
Describe blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the force of blood as it passes through the vessels.
What is a baroreceptor and where is it located?
The baroreceptors detecs increased pressures. it is located in the walls of certain blood vessels.
What is the anatomical position?
Subject stands upright, facing the observer, with head level and eyes facing forward.
The sternum is_____ to the heart.
- Posterior
- Anterior
- Inferior
- Lateral
- Distal
2.Anterior
The plane that divides the body into a superior and inferior portion is the
- parasaggital plane
- midsaggital plane
- transverse plane
- oblique plane
- frontal plane
- Transverse
Superior is…
towards the head or upper part of a structure.
Inferior is…
towards the feet
Anterior/ventral is…
nearer to or at the front of the body.
