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Topic 1 America Complete Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What technological advancement introduced by Henry Ford revolutionized production in the 1920s?

A

The production line

This allowed for the employment of semi-skilled and low-paid workers, significantly increasing efficiency.

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2
Q

What was the impact of the production line on car manufacturing times?

A

Reduced from 12.5 hours in 1913 to 2.4 hours

This efficiency increase contributed to the economic boom.

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3
Q

How many cars were registered in the USA in 1929?

A

28 million cars

This was a significant increase from 8 million in 1920.

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4
Q

What was the cost of the Model T in 1925?

A

$290

This price made cars more accessible to a broader population.

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5
Q

Who is associated with time and motion analysis to improve production efficiency?

A

Frederick Taylor

His methods were crucial in optimizing manufacturing processes.

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6
Q

What was the percentage of households with electricity by 1929?

A

74%

This electrification stimulated the development of new industries.

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7
Q

What was the impact of electrification on consumer goods by 1929?

A

Increased production of electrical appliances from 2.4 million in 1912 to 160 million

This growth contributed significantly to the economy.

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8
Q

What was the effect of mass production on the economy?

A

Produced goods more efficiently and cheaper

This increased consumer purchasing power and company profits.

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9
Q

What role did advertising play in the economic boom?

A

Boosted consumer demand through platforms like radio and cinema

Advertising employed many people and encouraged spending.

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10
Q

What was the impact of the automobile industry on employment by 1929?

A

Employed 7% of all USA’s manufacturing workforce

This was a significant driver of economic growth.

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11
Q

What was the real wage increase from 1923 to 1929?

A

13%

This increase was a result of the demand for mass-produced goods.

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12
Q

What financing method allowed consumers to buy cars in installments?

A

Hire purchase

This method contributed to a significant rise in consumer borrowing.

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13
Q

What was the purpose of the Fordney-McCumber tariff introduced in 1922?

A

Taxed imports to stimulate domestic industries

This tariff encouraged the growth of local manufacturing.

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14
Q

What was the effect of the Republican policy of Laissez-faire on business?

A

Lowered taxes and reduced government regulation

This environment allowed businesses to thrive and innovate.

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15
Q

What was the impact of the McNary-Haugen bill in 1927?

A

Aimed to stabilize agricultural prices

It was not passed due to the Laissez-faire attitude.

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16
Q

What was the main effect of technological advances on the automobile industry?

A

Increased production efficiencies

This allowed the industry to meet rising consumer demand.

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17
Q

Which group faced significant economic challenges during the 1920s?

A

Farmers

They experienced a drop in agricultural prices and faced technological unemployment.

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18
Q

What was a major consequence of the Red Scare in the 1920s?

A

Increased anti-immigrant sentiment

This led to restrictive immigration laws.

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19
Q

What were the push factors for immigrants to the USA?

A
  • Escape from persecution
  • Avoid poverty
  • Refugee from wars

These factors drove many to seek a new life in America.

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20
Q

What was the Immigration Act of 1924?

A

Restricted immigration to 2% of the total number from each national group based on the 1890 census

This law favored certain nationalities over others.

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21
Q

What was the significance of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

A

Highlighted racial and political intolerance

Their trial and execution became symbols of injustice in America.

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22
Q

What was the response to the anarchist bombings in 1919?

A

Palmer Raids

These raids targeted suspected radicals and violated civil liberties.

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23
Q

What amendment ended slavery in the United States?

A

13th Amendment

Passed in January 1865.

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24
Q

What laws enforced racial segregation in the South?

A

Jim Crow laws

Ensured Black Americans remained second-class citizens.

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25
What term describes segregation that occurs without legal enforcement, particularly in Northern cities?
De facto segregation ## Footnote Examples include schools, housing, and workplaces.
26
What act divided communal tribal lands into individual plots for Native American families?
Dawes Act of 1887 ## Footnote Resulted in significant land loss for Native Americans.
27
What major migration occurred from 1910 to 1970 involving nearly 1 million Black Americans?
Great Migration ## Footnote Movement from the South to northern cities seeking better opportunities.
28
What organization was created by Du Bois, Wells-Barnett, and Ovington to combat racial discrimination?
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) ## Footnote Worked to challenge segregation laws and racial violence.
29
Which organization was founded by Marcus Garvey that emphasized black pride and racial unity?
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) ## Footnote Aimed to redeem Africa from white rule.
30
What event in 1921 involved a violent attack on the Black neighborhood of Greenwood in Tulsa?
Tulsa Race Massacre ## Footnote Resulted in the destruction of businesses and homes, killing an estimated 300 Black Americans.
31
What legislation was introduced in 1920 that banned the manufacture, transportation, and sale of intoxicating liquors?
18th Amendment ## Footnote Came into effect with the passage of the Volstead Act.
32
What was a major reason for the failure of Prohibition?
Widespread Non-Compliance and Evasion ## Footnote Bootleggers and speakeasies thrived during this period.
33
What term describes illegal bars that operated during Prohibition?
Speakeasies ## Footnote Approximately 30,000 existed in 1926.
34
Who was known as the 'King of the Bootleggers'?
George Remus ## Footnote Bought breweries before Prohibition and profited immensely.
35
What major gangster event in 1929 involved the killing of seven gang members in Chicago?
St. Valentine's Day Massacre ## Footnote Conducted by Al Capone's gang against the Moran gang.
36
What act granted citizenship to Native Americans in 1924?
Indian Citizenship Act ## Footnote Many states still found ways to deny them the right to vote.
37
What was a significant consequence of Prohibition regarding organized crime?
Rise of Organized Crime ## Footnote Gangs became heavily involved in the illegal alcohol trade.
38
What was the effect of Prohibition on crime rates?
Increased Crime and Disorder ## Footnote Rather than reducing crime, it led to more violence and criminal activity.
39
What was the primary motivation behind the introduction of Prohibition?
Pressure from temperance and religious groups ## Footnote Alcohol was seen as a cause of social issues.
40
What economic impact did Prohibition have?
Loss of tax revenue and increased enforcement costs ## Footnote Contributed to public discontent and calls for repeal.
41
What was the KKK's membership peak in the 1920s?
5 million ## Footnote The Klan expanded its influence nationwide.
42
What was a common tactic used by the KKK to gain political power?
Get-out-the-vote campaigns ## Footnote Helped elect numerous politicians sympathetic to their cause.
43
What was a major cause of racial riots in 1919?
Return of Black veterans from WW1 ## Footnote Heightened racial tensions led to violence in several cities.
44
What did the KKK's revival in the 1920s emphasize besides racism?
Anti-Semitism and anti-Catholicism ## Footnote The Klan viewed these groups as 'foreign' and 'un-American.'
45
What major feature of US life continued after national prohibition was abolished in 1933?
Organised crime ## Footnote Organised crime vied for control of newspapers, politicians, judges, and the police.
46
How many gangland murders occurred in Chicago between 1927 and 1930?
227 gangland murders ## Footnote Only two killers were ever convicted during this period.
47
Who was George Remus?
The ‘King of the Bootleggers’ ## Footnote He bought breweries for medicinal alcohol and arranged for gangsters to hijack his products.
48
What was the estimated wealth of George Remus at the height of his power?
Between $307 and $384 million ## Footnote This was relative income in 2022.
49
What role did Prohibition Agents play during the prohibition era?
They were used to stop bootleggers ## Footnote Some Prohibition Agents were corrupt.
50
What happened in October 1927 involving George Remus?
He gunned down his wife Imogene ## Footnote This occurred in front of a crowd of onlookers.
51
What legal strategy did George Remus use to defend himself in court?
Claimed to have temporarily lost his mind ## Footnote He had previously pioneered this defense in a different case.
52
What was the outcome of George Remus's trial?
Acquitted by the jury in nineteen minutes ## Footnote He was later committed to an insane asylum.
53
How did organised crime impact the enforcement of prohibition?
Made national prohibition virtually unworkable ## Footnote Booze was highly profitable, leading to bribery and intimidation.
54
What was Rum Row?
A significant challenge for policing organized rum-running ## Footnote Long borders with Canada and Mexico made enforcement difficult.
55
What was a significant event that highlighted gang violence during prohibition?
The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre ## Footnote This event demonstrated the violent consequences of prohibition.
56
What did the Sheppard–Towner Act of 1921 aim to achieve?
Fund healthcare for pregnant women ## Footnote It gave women some control over the clinics set up.
57
What was the general attitude of young women towards marriage in the 1920s?
89% wanted a job but would give it up after marriage ## Footnote Surveys showed conservatism among young women.
58
What cultural revolution was associated with jazz music in the 1920s?
The Harlem Renaissance ## Footnote It represented a rebirth and resurgence of pride in being Black.
59
What was the impact of commercial radio in the 1920s?
Brought entertainment into homes ## Footnote By 1930, 60% of Americans owned a radio.
60
What significant change occurred in cinema during the 1920s?
Transition from silent films to talking movies ## Footnote The Jazz Singer was the first talking movie released in 1927.
61
What did the 'Lost Generation' refer to?
Those who survived WW1 and struggled to settle back into ordered existence ## Footnote This period influenced new literary styles focusing on realism.
62
What was one of the most popular fads of the 1920s?
Dance marathons ## Footnote Shipwreck Kelly famously sat on flagpoles for 145 days.
63
True or False: Jazz was the most significant feature of cultural changes in the 1920s.
True ## Footnote Jazz was associated with broader cultural revolutions, including dancing and female independence.
64
Fill in the blank: The 1920s was known as the age of _______.
Optimism ## Footnote This era was characterized by fads, media growth, and cultural changes.
65
What era is known as 'The Jazz Age'?
The era of good feelings
66
What did the New Negro Movement encompass?
Black American achievement in literature, art and drama as well as music, not all of it Jazz
67
What sport became America’s national pastime in the 1920s?
Baseball
68
How did radio contribute to the cultural revolution in the 1920s?
Brought the entire country close together through the airwaves and led to a huge growth in advertising
69
By 1929, what was the premier form of popular entertainment?
Films
70
What was significant about the first commercial radio station, KDKA?
It was established in Pittsburgh in 1920, leading to huge growth in advertising
71
How many radio stations were there by 1922?
500 stations
72
What was the audience record for the comedy 'Amos n Andy' in 1929?
40 million
73
What significant event occurred in 1927 involving boxing?
Estimated 50 million listened to the boxing match between Gene Tunney & Jack Dempsey
74
What was a major cultural change brought about by cinema in the 1920s?
Creation of celebrity film stars
75
What did the term 'flapper' refer to?
Young, independent-minded women who sought freedom beyond traditional roles
76
What major change in fashion was associated with flappers?
Short skirts and short hair
77
What economic opportunities arose for women during the 1920s?
Employment as secretaries, telephone operators, and typists
78
What was the impact of the Wall Street Crash on unemployment?
Rose from 500,000 to 4 million
79
What was the economic consequence of overproduction in the 1920s?
The bottom 40% of the population only owned 12.5% of the nation's wealth
80
What was the effect of the Fordney-McCumber tariff on US exports?
Limited US exports
81
What was the Florida land boom?
Population growth in Miami from 30,000 to 130,000 between 1920-25
82
What caused the Florida land boom to collapse?
Fraud and a lack of infrastructure
83
What does 'buying shares at the margin' mean?
Borrowing money to buy shares at 10% of their prices
84
What did the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 do?
Created the modern banking system
85
True or False: The 1920s was a decade marked by economic prosperity and cultural revolution.
True

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