Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question 1

What’s an atom?

Answer 1

All substances are made of atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.

Question 2

How many different elements are there?

Answer 2

100

Question 3

What are formed when elements react?

Answer 3

Compounds

Question 4

What happens in a chemical reaction?

Answer 4

New substances are formed

Question 5

What’s a compound?

Answer 5

Two or more elements chemically combined

Question 6

Compounds can only be seperated into their elements by..?

Answer 6

Chemical reactions

Question 7

What’s a mixture?

Answer 7

Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined

Question 8

Dalton’s atomic model?

Answer 8

Atoms are tiny sheres that can’t be divided

Question 9

Plum pudding model?

Answer 9

Ball of positive chareg with negative electrons embedded

Question 10

Nuclear model?

Answer 10

Small, dense, positive nucleus. Electrons outside the nucleus. Most of the atom is empty space

Question 11

How did Nils Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

Answer 11

Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

Question 12

Order of subatomic particle discovery?

Answer 12

Electron, proton, neutron

Question 13

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 13

James Chadwick

Question 14

Charge on a proton?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

Charge on a neutron?

Answer 15

0

Question 16

Charge on an electron?

Answer 16

-1

Question 17

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 17

Number of protons = number of neutrons

Question 18

Atomic number

Answer 18

Number of protons

Question 19

Atoms of the same element have the same number of..?

Answer 19

Protons

Question 20

Atomic radius

Answer 20

0.1nm (1x10-10m)

Question 21

Nuclear radius

Answer 21

1x10-14m

Question 22

Relative mass of a proton?

Answer 22

1

Question 23

Relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

Relative mass of an electron?

Answer 24

Very small

Question 25

Mass number

Answer 25

Protons + neutrons

Question 26

Isotopes

Answer 26

Atoms with same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 27

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 27

Average mass of all the atoms of an element (takes into account abundance)

Question 28

In which order do electron shells fill?

Answer 28

From nearest the nucleus outwards

Question 29

Which electron shells have lowest energy?

Answer 29

Nearest the nucleus

Question 30

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of..?

Answer 30

Atomic number

Question 31

What are the columns on the periodic table called?

Answer 31

Groups

Question 32

What are the rows on the periodic table called?

Answer 32

Periods

Question 33

Elements in the same group have…

Answer 33

Similar properties

Question 34

Atoms of the elements in the same group have…

Answer 34

Same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 35

How did Mendeleev mostly order the elements in his periodic table?

Answer 35

By atomic weight

Question 36

What two things did Mendeleev do in the design of his table?

Answer 36

Leave gaps for undiscovered elements, changed the order of some elements

Question 37

Why was Mendellev's table accepted?

Answer 37

He predicted properties of undiscovered elements. When they were discovered their properties matched his predictions

Question 38

What charge ions do metals form?

Answer 38

Positive

Question 39

Most of the elements in the periodic table are…

Answer 39

Metals

Question 40

Where are non-metals in the periodic table?

Answer 40

Top right

Question 41

What is the name of Group 0?

Answer 41

Noble Gases

Question 42

Why are Noble Gases unreactive?

Answer 42

They have stable electron arrangements

Question 43

Trend in Noble Gas boiling points?

Answer 43

Increases with increasing relative atomic mass (i.e. going down the group)

Question 44

What is the name of Group 1?

Answer 44

Alkali Metals

Question 45

How many electrons do alkali metals have in their outside shell?

Answer 45

1

Question 46

Alkali metal + oxygen →

Answer 46

Metal oxide

Question 47

Alkali metal + water →

Answer 47

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 48

Alkali metals react with halogens to form…

Answer 48

Salts

Question 49

How does reactivity of alkali metal change as you go down the group?

Answer 49

Increases

Question 50

What is the name of Group 7?

Answer 50

Halogens

Question 51

How many electrons do halgens have in their outside shells?

Answer 51

7

Question 52

As elements, halogens exist as…

Answer 52

Diatomic molecules

Question 53

Halogens react with non-metals to form…

Answer 53

Covalent molecules

Question 54

Halogens react with hydrogen to form…

Answer 54

Hydrogen halides which dissolve in water to form acids

Question 55

Trend in halogen melting and boiling points?

Answer 55

Increase with increasing relative formula mass (down the group)

Question 56

How does reactivity of halogens change as you go down the group?

Answer 56

Decreases

Question 57

A more reactive halogen can…

Answer 57

Displace a less reactive halogen from its aqueous salt

Question 58

Compared to alkali metals, transition metals…

Answer 58

Less reactive, higher melting points, stronger and harder

Question 59

Transition metals can form ions with…

Answer 59

Different charges

Question 60

Appearance of transition metal compounds

Answer 60

Coloured solids and coloured solutions

Question 61

Transition metal and their compounds are useful as…

Answer 61

Catalysts