TOPIC 1: Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)

Answer 1

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 2

Relative Isotopic Mass

Answer 2

Mass of an atom of an isotope compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 3

M/z

Answer 3

Mass of an isotope divided by charge

Question 4

M+1 peak

Answer 4

Molecular ion peak = relative molecular mass

Question 5

Ionisation energy

Answer 5

Minimum amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state

Endothermic process

Question 6

Electron shells: 4 subshells

Answer 6

S- 1orbital, 2 electrons
P- 3 orbitals, 6 electrons
D- 5 orbitals, 10 electrons
F- 7 orbitals, 14 electrons

Question 7

Orbital shapes: S and P
Spin pairing

Answer 7

S- spherical
P- z,y,x dumbbell
2 electrons in same orbital have opposite spins

Question 8

Exceptions for electron configuration

Answer 8

Chromium and Copper
- 3d5 4s1, 3d10 4s1
Not 4s2 first

Question 9

Ionisation energy trends

Answer 9

Shielding: more, less energy
Atomic size: larger, less energy
Nuclear charge: lower, less energy

Decreases down a group
Increases across a period

Question 10

Groups

Answer 10

Columns.

Same number of outer shell electrons.

Similar properties.

Question 11

Periods

Answer 11

Rows.

Same number of electron shells.

Across, atomic radii decreases.

Question 12

Ionisation across period exceptions

Answer 12

Mg to Al
Outermost electron in higher energy subshell further from nucleus

P to S
Electron repulsion within orbital

Question 13

Melting points

Answer 13

3 Metallic bonding «<
Giant covalent, highest
Simple molecules: London forces lowest.