Topic 1: Atoms

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle of elements

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A substance that consists of only one type of atom.

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

A particle made of several atoms bonded together in a compound.

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

A substance containing two or more elements chemically combined.

Question 5

Proton

Answer 5

Particle with a positive charge and is inside the nucleus

Question 6

Neutron

Answer 6

Particle with no charge (neutral) and is inside the nucleus

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

Particle with a negative charge and is outside the nucleus

Question 8

Atomic number tells us…

Answer 8

the number of protons and electrons in an atom of an element

Question 9

How to find the number of neutrons?

Answer 9

Mass number - atomic number

Question 10

What are all electrons arranged into?

Answer 10

Energy levels

Question 11

How many electrons can be held in the first energy level?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Every 2nd energy level + from then on can hold…. electrons

Answer 12

8 (true for the first 20 elements)

Question 13

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 13

Because they have the same number of outer electrons

Question 14

Isotopes

Answer 14

Atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers because they have different number of neutrons

Question 15

Relative atomic mass

Answer 15

The average of the mass numbers of the isotopes present taking the proportions into account

Question 16

Diatomic elements

Answer 16

Elements which only contain 2 atoms joined together

Question 17

How many diatomic elements are there?

Answer 17

7

Question 18

Compound names ending in…….contain the two elements indicated in the name

Answer 18

-ide

Question 19

Compound names ending in…..contain the two elements indicated + oxygen

Answer 19

-ite/-ate

Question 20

What elements do sodium nitrate contain?

Answer 20

Sodium, nitrogen and oxygen

Question 21

Covalent bonding

Answer 21

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metal elements

Question 22

What are atoms that share pairs of electrons called?

Answer 22

Molecules

Question 23

H - F shape name

Answer 23

Linear

Question 24

H - O - H shape name

Answer 24

Angular

Question 25

N - H - H - H shape name

Answer 25

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 26

C - H - H - H - H shape name

Answer 26

Tetrahedral

Question 27

Ionic bonding

Answer 27

Formed between a non-metal and a metal by transferring electrons

Question 28

What are all ionic substances made of?

Answer 28

Large network structure called ionic lattices

Question 29

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 29

Because they have equal number of electrons

Question 30

What happens if an atom loses/gains electrons?

Answer 30

They are no longer neutral and become ions with a charge

Question 31

Ionic Lattice

Answer 31

High boiling + melting points because many strong ionic bonds need to be broken Conduct when molten (liquid form) Can be broken down by electrolysis Generally soluble in water

Question 32

Covalent Network

Answer 32

A large structure, containing lots of atoms joined together by covalent bonds Very high boiling + melting points Does not conduct electricity + hard Do not dissolve

Question 33

Covalent Molecular

Answer 33

Low melting + boiling points Does not conduct electricity Most do not dissolve in water but may dissolve in other solvents

Question 34

Valency

Answer 34

Means combining power and it let you work out the number of atoms a particular atom can combine with.

Question 35

Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same...

Answer 35

valency

Question 36

What is the valency of an element related to?

Answer 36

How many electrons are in the outer shell

Question 37

Group 1 valency

Answer 37

1

Question 38

Group 2 valency

Answer 38

2

Question 39

Group 3 valency

Answer 39

3

Question 40

Group 4 valency

Answer 40

4

Question 41

Group 5 valency

Answer 41

3

Question 42

Group 6 valency

Answer 42

2

Question 43

Group 7 valency

Answer 43

1

Question 44

Group 8 valency

Answer 44

0

Question 45

Groups 1 to 4 want to...

Answer 45

get rid of their electrons

Question 46

Groups 5 to 8 want to...

Answer 46

gain electrons to make their shell full (8)

Question 47

Why do atoms react?

Answer 47

To make their electron arrangement more stable (full)

Question 48

Steps to writing a chemical formula for a compound

Answer 48

1. Write down the symbols of both elements involved 2. Beneath each symbol, write its valency 3. Swap the valencies over 4. Simpilify if needed 5. Write the formula (SSVSF)

Question 49

I number

Answer 49

1

Question 50

II number

Answer 50

2

Question 51

III number

Answer 51

3

Question 52

IV number

Answer 52

4

Question 53

V number

Answer 53

5

Question 54

VI number

Answer 54

6

Question 55

Mono-

Answer 55

1

Question 56

Di-

Answer 56

2

Question 57

Tri-

Answer 57

3

Question 58

Tetra-

Answer 58

4

Question 59

Penta-

Answer 59

5

Question 60

Hexa-

Answer 60

6

Question 61

Chemical formula for calcium (group 2) chloride (group 1)

Answer 61

CaCl2

Question 62

Chemical formula for aluminium (group 3) oxide (group 2)

Answer 62

Al2O3

Question 63

What does '+' sign mean in an ion?

Answer 63

Minus electron (-)