Topic 1- Atoms And The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an isotope

Answer 1

An atom of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 2

What is the atomic number (the bottom number)?

Answer 2

The number of protons

Question 3

What is the relative atomic mass? Top number

Answer 3

The number of protons+nuetrons

Question 4

How do you separate a solid from a liquid?

Answer 4

Filtration

Question 5

How do you separate two liquids from one another?

Answer 5

distillation

Question 6

How do you remove a dissolved solid from a liquid (e.g salt dissolved in water)

Answer 6

crystallization

Question 7

How does crystallization work?

Answer 7

• slowly heat the solution until all the water evaporates

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

• two or more elements
• chemically bonded together

Question 9

What is the plum pudding model? Draw it

Answer 9

• the whole atom is positive
• there are negative electrons dotted around the atom

Question 10

What was the alpha particle scattering experiment?

Answer 10

• alpha particles are shot at a sheet of gold foil
• most went straight through and some were deflected
• lead to the nuclear model

Question 11

What is the nuclear model?

Answer 11

• all the positive charge is held in the center
• all the mass is held in the center
• most of the atom is empty space

Question 12

Who discovered electron shells?

Answer 12

Bohr

Question 13

Who discovered neutrons?

Answer 13

Chadwick

Question 14

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 14

+1

Question 15

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 15

0

Question 16

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 16

-1

Question 17

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 18

1

Question 19

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 19

Almost 0

Question 20

Why were gaps left in the early periodic table?

Answer 20

• for elements that had not yet been discovered
• Mendeleev believed elements would be discovered that filled the gaps

Question 21

Why did Mendeleev reorder some elements in the periodic table?

Answer 21

So elements were in groups that had similar chemical properties

Question 22

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 22

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 23

What elements are diatomic?

Answer 23

• all of group 7
• oxygen

Question 24

What are the differences between group 1 metals and transition metals? (6points)

Answer 24

• transition metals are harder to
• transition metals are more dense
• transition metals have higher melting points
• transition metals are less reactive
• Transition metals can be used as catalysts
• transition metals can form ions with more than 1 charge

Question 25

What is an alloy?

Answer 25

- a mixture of metals?

Question 26

Why are pure metals so soft?

Answer 26

The ions are organized in layers which slide over one another

Question 27

What is the name of group 1?

Answer 27

Alkali metals

Question 28

What is the name of group 7?

Answer 28

Halogens

Question 29

What is the name of group 0

Answer 29

Nobel gases

Question 30

What is a special feature of Nobel gases

Answer 30

They are very unreactive

Question 31

What do we know about the number of protons compared to the number of electrons?

Answer 31

They are the same

Question 32

How did they initially order the periodic table

Answer 32

Atomic weight

Question 33

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 33

They have a full outer shell 

Question 34

What color is chlorine gas?

Answer 34

Green

Question 35

Are group 1 elements metals or non metals?

Answer 35

Metals

Question 36

What is the state symbol for a gas liquid and solid?

Answer 36

(g) (l) (s)