Topic 1 Biological Molecules Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are nucleotides made of
Phosphate group, pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base
What are the five bases
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine and uracil
What is the pentose sugar for DNA
Deoxyribose
What is the pentose sugar for adenosine triphosphate
Ribose
What is the base for adenosine triphosphate
Adenine
What type of reaction joins the three nucleotide components
Condensation
What is the function of adenosine triphosphate
Releases energy
How does the structure allow the function
The bonds contain energy and if you break a bond it will release energy (add water to break the bonds by hydrolysis)
What is the function of DNA
Carrying genetic information and codes for protein
How many bases code for one amino acid
Three
How do polynucleotides form
Mononucleotides (monomers) join to make polynucleotides (polymers)
What bonds join the phosphate group to the pentose sugar
Phosphodiester
What bonds form between the bases
Hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine
Two
How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine
Three
What two scientists discovered the structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick in the 1950s
How is DNA stable
It has a sugar-phosphate backbone that protects the bases, strong bonds, multiple hydrogen bonds between bases
How does the structure of DNA help its function
Complimentary base pairings and easily broken hydrogen bonds allow for easy replication. rarely mutates, its incredibly large and helical which allows it to carry a large amount of genetic information
What is the function of DNA-helicase
It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases
What is the function of DNA-polymerase
It creates phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group and pentose sugar in the new strand
Is DNA replication conservative or semi-conservative
DNA replication is -semi-conservative because one of the original strands remains in the new DNA molecule
Define specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity is the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1℃
Why is there a strong cohesion between water molecules
Due to their polarity, water molecules are attracted to each other and form hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds help hold water together so they can flow as a continuous stream. This is known as mass flow
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) definition
A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups
