Topic 1 - Cell Biology

Question 1

What is Active Transport?

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated (against the concentration gradient) with the use of energy from respiration.

Question 2

What is an Adult Stem Cell?

Answer 2

A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells.

Question 3

What is Agar Jelly?

Answer 3

A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on.

Question 4

What is Cell Differentiation.

Answer 4

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.

Question 5

What is the Cell Membrane?

Answer 5

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Question 6

What is the Cell Wall?

Answer 6

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.

Question 7

What is Chloroplast?

Answer 7

An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 8

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 8

DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes.

Question 9

What is the Concentration Gradient?

Answer 9

The difference in concentration between two areas.

Question 10

What is Diffusion?

Answer 10

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a
gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 11

What is an Embryonic Stem Cell?

Answer 11

A type of Stem Cell that can differentiate into most type of human cells.

Question 12

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 12

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

Question 13

What is magnification?

Answer 13

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.

Question 14

What are Meristematic Stem Cells?

Answer 14

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.

Question 15

What does the Mitochondria do?

Answer 15

An organelle which is the site of respiration.

Question 16

What is Mitosis?

Answer 16

A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Question 17

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 17

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 18

What is an Organelle?

Answer 18

A specialised structure found inside a cell.

Question 19

What is Cell Differentiation?

Answer 19

The process where a cell becomes specialised to it’s function.

Question 20

What does the Cell Membrane do?

Answer 20

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Question 21

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

Answer 21

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens the plant.

Question 22

What does the Chloroplasts do?

Answer 22

An organelle which is the sit of photosynthesis.

Question 23

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 23

DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes.

Question 24

What is the Concentration Gradient?

Answer 24

The difference in concentration between two areas.

Question 25

What is Diffusion?

Answer 25

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 26

What is a Embryonic Stem Cell?

Answer 26

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells.

Question 27

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 27

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contain a nucleus.

Question 28

What is Magnification?

Answer 28

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.

Question 29

What are Meristematic Cells?

Answer 29

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.

Question 30

What are Mitochondria?

Answer 30

An organelle which is the site of respiration.

Question 31

What is Mitosis?

Answer 31

A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Question 32

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 32

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 33

What is a Organelle?

Answer 33

A specialised structure found inside a cell.

Question 34

What is Osmosis?

Answer 34

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 35

What is a Plasmid?

Answer 35

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Question 36

What are Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 36

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus.

Question 37

What is the definition of Resolution?

Answer 37

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.

Question 38

What are Specialised Cells?

Answer 38

Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.

Question 39

What are Stem Cells?

Answer 39

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.

Question 40

What is the Surface Area?

Answer 40

The amount of contact an object has with it's environment.

Question 41

What is Surface Are to Volume Ration (SA:V)?

Answer 41

The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment.

Question 42

What is the Cell Cycle?

Answer 42

A series of stages preparing the cell for division.

Question 43

What is Therapeutic Cloning?

Answer 43

Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient.

Question 44

What does the Vacuole do?

Answer 44

An organelle that stores cell sap.

Question 45

What are the conversion units to go from Millimetre to Micrometres / Micrometres to Nanometres.

Answer 45

Divide or Times By 1,000.

Question 46

What are all the Organelles in a Plant Cell?

Answer 46

- Cell Wall - Cell Membrane - Nucleus - Cytoplasm - Chloroplasts - Mitochondria - Vacuole - Ribosomes

Question 47

What are all the Organelle in a Animal Cell?

Answer 47

- Cell Membrane - Nucleus - Cytoplasm - Mitochondria - Ribosome

Question 48

What are Chromosomes made out off?

Answer 48

They consists of Proteins and DNA molecules. These provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis.

Question 49

What is a gene?

Answer 49

A section of DNA which codes for protein.

Question 50

How many chromosomes are in the human body?

Answer 50

There are 46 Chromosomes.

Question 51

How are chromosome arranged in the nucleus of a body cell?

Answer 51

There are 46 chromosomes with 23 pairs in the nucleus.

Question 52

What are the three main stages in the Cell Cycle?

Answer 52

- Replication of DNA and synthesis of Organelle - Mitosis - Division of Cell

Question 53

Why is Mitosis important?

Answer 53

- Produces identical cells which all have the same genetic information. - Produce additional cells for growth and repair.

Question 54

What is the First Stage of the Cell Cycle?

Answer 54

The first stage of the cell cycle is the longest. It replicates the Organelle and DNA.

Question 55

What is Second Stage of the Cell Cycle?

Answer 55

Each Chromosomes in a pair pull of to the different poles of the cells then divides the nucleus.

Question 56

What is the Third Stage of the Cell Cycle?

Answer 56

The Cytoplasm and the Cell Membrane divide - two identical daughter cells are produced.

Question 57

What factors affect Diffusion?

Answer 57

Concentration Gradient - Larger Gradient = Faster Diffusion Temperature - Higher Temperature = Faster Diffusion Surface Area - Larger Surface Area = Faster Diffusion

Question 58

What four factors increase the effectiveness of a gas exchange surface?

Answer 58

- Large Surface Area - Thin Membrane - Efficient Blood Supply - Ventilation

Question 59

What is meant when a solution is isotonic to a cell?

Answer 59

Where the concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell.

Question 60

What do Root Hair Cells do?

Answer 60

Root Hair Cells use Active Transport to take up mineral ions from a dilute solution in soils. Ions such as magnesium and nitrates are required for healthy growth.