Topic 1 - Cells

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

• found in prokaryotes
• Controls the movement of substances that enter and leave the cell

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

• found in prokaryotes - Structural support and protection; prevents damage from internal bursting if pressure is high

Question 3

Mesosme

Answer 3

• found in prokaryotes - Increases the area of membrane for ATP production

Question 4

DNA (chromatin)

Answer 4

• found in prokaryotes - The site of genetic material; controls the cell and is passed onto daughter cells

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

• found in prokaryotes - Protein synthesis; translates mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

DNA is replicated and transcribed to form MRNA

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Synthesizes protein for secretion from the cell

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

processes proteins brought in vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

the digestive enzymes within can be used to break down ingested food in vesicles

Question 10

Mitochondrion

Answer 10

Produce ATP energy for the cell by aerobic cell respiration

Question 11

Free Ribosomes

Answer 11

synthesizes protein, releasing it to work in the cytoplasm

Question 12

Chloroplast

Answer 12

Produce glucose and other organic compounds by photosynthesis

Question 13

Vacuoles and vesicles

Answer 13

• vesicles are small vacuoles used to transport materials inside the cell - some animals absorb foods from outside and digest in vacuoles

Question 14

Microtubules and centrioles

Answer 14

• fibres that move chromosomes during cell division - centrioles form an anchor point for microtubules during cell division as well as for microtubules inside cilia and flagella

Question 15

Cilia and flagella

Answer 15

both used for locomotion

Question 16

Distinguish between prokarotes and eukaryotes

Answer 16

• DNA: circular / linear
• Mitochondria: None / present
• DNA: nucleoid / nucleolus(nucleus)
• Nuclear membrane: present / absent
• Ribsomes: Smaller (70s) / Bigger (80s)
• Replication: Binary fission / mitosis

Question 17

Distinguish between an animal cell and a plant cell

Answer 17

• cell wall: absent / present
• shape: rounded / angular
• chloroplast: absent / present
• vacuole: usually present / large fluid filled vacuole
• Plastid: none / present
• Carbohydrate storage: glycogen / starch

Question 18

Simple Diffusion

Answer 18

passive movement of non-polar molecules from a high to low concentration across the phospholipid bilayer, which must be permeable to the particles

Question 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 19

passive movement of large molecules and ions through protein channels from a region of high to low concentration