Topic 1 Circulation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 components of the circulatory system
A
Heart
Blood vessels ( veins,capillaries,arteries)
Blood
2
Q
Fill in the blank
The ? circulation carries blood to and from the lungs
The ? circulation carries blood to and from the rest of the bodies organs
The ? artery is the only artery to carry ? blood
The ? vein is the only vein to carry ? blood
A
Pulmonary
Systemic
Pulmonary, deoxygenated
Oxygenated
3
Q
Arteries carry blood
A
Away from the heart
4
Q
Arteries have blood at
A
High pressure
5
Q
Arteries have
A
Thick layers of muscle and elastic
6
Q
Arteries have no
A
Valves
7
Q
Arteries create your
A
Pulse
Which is created by heart pumping and contracting the heart muscle
8
Q
Arteries have strong
A
Walls
9
Q
Capillaries are
A
Sites of exchange
10
Q
Capillaries have blood at
A
Low pressure
11
Q
Capillaries have no
A
Valves
12
Q
Capillaries have very
A
Thin walls
1 cell thick
13
Q
Capillaries have no
A
pulse
14
Q
Capillaries are
( describe)
A
Delicate and easily broken
15
Q
Veins carry blood
A
To the heart
16
Q
Veins Have blood at
A
very very low pressure
17
Q
Veins have valves to
A
Stop blood flowing back
18
Q
Veins have walls that are
A
Thinner and with less muscle
19
Q
Veins have no
A
Pulse
20
Q
Veins are
A
Flexible
21
Q
What arteries and veins are connected to the lungs
A
Pulmonary vein and artery
22
Q
What veins and arteries are connected to the heart
A
Coronary artery and coronary vein
23
Q
What veins and arteries are connected to the liver
A
Hepatic vein and artery
24
Q
What veins and arteries are connected to the lower organs/ legs
A
Iliac artery iliac vein
25
What veins and arteries are connected to the head & brain
Carotid artery
Jugular vein
26
What veins and arteries are connected to the kidney
Renal artery and vein
27
What veins and arteries are connected to the stomach
Gastric artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic vein
28
What veins and arteries are connected to the small intestine
Mesenteric artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic vein
29
Atriums are at the
Ventricles at the
Bicuspid and tricuspid continue below the atriums
Aorta at the very top on the
Pulmonary artery at the very top on the
Vena cave on the left
Pulmonary vein on the right
Top
Bottom
The atria
Right
Left
left
right
30
What does the heart do
Pumps blood around the body
Receives blood from the veins
Pumps blood under high pressure into the arteries
31
What keeps blood flowing in one direction through the heart
Valves, bicuspid, tricuspid
32
Explain why the walls of the ventricles are thicker than the atria
Ventricles pump blood around the body at high pressure
33
Explain why the walls of of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle
Left ventricle pumps blood around the body at a higher pressure while the right ventricle pumps it at a lower pressure
34
What happens to your heart when you get excited or exercise
Explain why
Your beats faster because you need more blood to transport oxygen and glucose around the body
Adrenaline can also be released to prepare the body for more activity part of this will be increasing heart rate to increase oxygen and glucose supply to the muscled
35
What is the structure of the red blood cell
Red blood cells are very small and have no nucleus
They’re bioconcave in shape giving them a large surface area
They contain an iron pigment called haemoglobin which can pick up oxygen
36
Function of red blood cell
When oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin which is bright red
When oxygen is released to the tissues it turns purple
37
White blood cell structure
Are slightly bigger than red blood cells
Come in many different types of
38
White blood cell function
They protect the body
They’re able to defeat bacteria and then destroy them before they harm the body
Phagocytosis is when they engulf the bacteria to destroy them before
They produce antibodies. These protect is from infection. They work by making bacteria cells stick together so that is is easier to kill them and some others release toxins which neutralize the poison released by the bacteria
39
Platelets structure
Tiny cell fragments
40
Platelets function
They’re carried around the body and usually do nothing
If the blood is exposed to the air in a cut the platelets help to form a network of fibers at the cut, called a clot
This prevents blood being lost from the cut and stops bacteria and dirt getting in
The clot hardens to a scab. This keeps the wound clean while new skin grows
41
Plasma structure
The liquid portion of the blood
Yellowish in colour
42
Platelets function
It makes up around 55% of blood volume
It’s mainly water but contain dissolved substances including: digested food, hormones and wastes like carbon dioxide
43
How can exercise reduce stress
Increased sense of well being as exercise stimulates the release of chemicals similar to morphine which creates a type of high
44
If a man who has been resting starts doing some strenuous exercise what is the effect on the rate at which his heart beats
It will increase a lot
45
Does a fit or unfit person have a higher heartbeat rate on average?
An average unfit person has a higher heart rate
46
1o A fit heart pumps a larger volume of blood with each 'beat' than an unfit heart. Can you suggest why it is an advantage to be fit?
The heart uses less energy to pump more which will keep you healthy.
47
What effect does exercise semetimes have on blood pressure, and why is it important?
Exercise widens the arteries and the build up of fatty deposit is less likely, this reduces heart disease from
48
A middle aged man who was overweight was not only put on a diet by his doctor, but was also told to do regular exercise
Being overweight and not exercising has a risk of suffering from heart disease from high blood pressure
49
What significant result was obtained from the London transport study, and what do you think is the reason for it? Why might the information be misleading?
Drivers sit down all day and conductors run up stairs daily
It doesn’t say about genetics, lifestyle or diet
50
• List as many things as you can think of that can lead to heart disease
Diet
smoking
Stress
51
9. How do you think you can help avoid heart disease?
Have a healthy diet
Exercise
Relax mor destress
52
At which ages do men and women show the same blood cholesterol level?
21-22yrs
47-48yrs
53
2. Use the information in the graphs to explain why the death rate for men, from coronary heart disease, is higher than the death rate for women, between the 25 and 45.
They have a higher level of cholesterol and high cholesterol is linked to heart disease
54
3. Use the graphs to determine the level of blood cholesterol that would keep the death rate, from coronary heart disease, at a minimum:
3-4 arbitrary units any higher incleases death
55
4. What does your answer suggest about cholesterol as the only cause of coronary heart disease?
The are other things that cause heart disease like genetics, Litestyle, diet
