Topic 1 Conservation and Dissipation

Question 1

Describe and give Examples on Chemical Energy Store

Answer 1

The energy stored in chemical bonds
between molecules. Example: Food, Cells, Fuel, Muscles

Question 2

Describe and give Examples on Kinetic Energy Store

Answer 2

The energy of moving objects. Examples: Runners, Buses

Question 3

Describe and give Examples on Gravitational Potential Energy Store

Answer 3

The energy of an object at height. Examples: Aeroplanes, Mugs on a table, Basketball

Question 4

Describe and give Examples on Thermal (internal) Energy Store

Answer 4

The total Energy of particle in the object. Examples: Hot Coffee, Hot Food

Question 5

Describe and give Examples on Elastic Potential Energy Store

Answer 5

The energy stores when an object is stretched or squashed. Examples: Elastic Band, Plastic Bags

Question 6

Describe and give Examples on Magnetic Energy Store

Answer 6

The energy stored when repelling poles
have been pushed closer. Examples: Fridge Magnets, Compasses

Question 7

Describe and give Examples on Electrostatic Energy Store

Answer 7

The energy stored when repelling charges
have been moved closer. Example: Van de Graaff generator

Question 8

Describe and give Examples on Nuclear Energy Store

Answer 8

The energy stored in the nucleus of an
atom. Examples: Nuclear Reactors

Question 9

What is conservation of energy?

Answer 9

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one store to another

Question 10

What does work mean (in terms of physics)?

Answer 10

In Physics, working means the amount of energy transferred when a force moves (in the direction of the force)

Question 11

What is the calculation for work?

Answer 11

W (Work [J]) = F (Force [N]) x s (Distance [m])

Question 12

What is friction and how does this affect work done?

Answer 12

Friction is an opposing force to direction of movement when two surfaces are in contact The work is done against frictional force

Question 13

How do the energy stores change when a car is breaking?

Answer 13

When the brakes are applied to stop the wheel, the kinetic energy store transfers energy to the thermal energy store of the brake pads and discs. These become hot and transfer energy by heating to the surroundings.

Question 14

Explain the changes in energy stores a meteorite enters the Earth’s atmosphere (including the role friction has in this process).

Answer 14

Kinetic energy: As the meteor accelerates due to gravity, the gravitation potential energy decreases and is converted into kinetic
Gravitation Potential Energy: The meteorite initially has a high gravitational potential due to its position in the Earth’s gravitational field.
Thermal Energy: the meteorite and air particles generates heat. This converts kinetic energy into thermal.
Light Energy : The intense heat causes the meteorite to glow, or emitting light as it burns up during descent

Question 15

What is the formula for Gravitational Potential Energy

Answer 15

(Delta Triangle) Ep = m x g x (Delta) h

Question 16

What is the calculation for Kinetic Energy

Answer 16

Kinetic Energy = ½ x mass x velocity^2
Ek = Kinetic energy (Joules, J)
m = mass (Kilograms,kg)
V = velocity(m/s)

Question 17

What is the calculation Elastic Potential Energy?

Answer 17

Elastic potential Energy (Ee) = ½ x k x e2
Ee = Elastic potential energy (Joules, J)
k= spring constant(N/m)
e= extension(m)

Question 18

Define Useful Energy

Answer 18

Useful energy is energy transferred to where it is wanted and in the form it is wanted.

Question 19

Define Wasted Energy

Answer 19

Wasted energy is energy that is not usefully transferred.

Question 20

What is the calculation for efficiency?

Answer 20

energy efficiency = useful output energy divided by total input energy

Question 21

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 21

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 22

How is energy dissipated in everyday situations?

Answer 22

Energy is dissipated as heat due to friction, air resistance, and other resistive forces.

Question 23

What is the relationship between work and energy?

Answer 23

Work is the transfer of energy when a force causes an object to move over a distance.

Question 24

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 24

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion

Question 25

What is potential energy?

Answer 25

Potential energy is the stored energy an object has due to its position or condition, such as gravitational potential energy.

Question 26

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 26

Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its height above the Earth’s surface.

Question 27

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

Answer 27

This flashcard sucks so ignore it

Question 28

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 28

Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in objects when they are stretched or compressed.

Question 29

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

Answer 29

This sucks so skip again howa the kids doing btw?

Question 30

How do you calculate the work done by a force?

Answer 30

Work done is calculated as W=F×dW = F \times dW=F×d, where FFF is the force and ddd is the distance moved in the direction of the force.

Question 31

What is power?

Answer 31

Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

Question 32

What is the formula for power?

Answer 32

Power P=WtP = \frac{W}{t}P=tW​, where WWW is work done and ttt is time taken.

Question 33

How is energy efficiency calculated?

Answer 33

Efficiency is calculated as Efficiency=Useful energy outputTotal energy input×100\text{Efficiency} = \frac{\text{Useful energy output}}{\text{Total energy input}} \times 100Efficiency=Total energy inputUseful energy output​×100. AI really did wrong when this came on am I right? Ignore this as well

Question 34

What are Sankey diagrams used for?

Answer 34

Sankey diagrams represent energy flows in a system, showing both useful and wasted energy.

Question 35

How do frictional forces dissipate energy?

Answer 35

Friction causes mechanical energy (kinetic) to be converted into thermal energy, increasing the temperature of surfaces.

Question 36

How does air resistance dissipate energy?

Answer 36

Air resistance converts kinetic energy into heat, slowing objects down.

Question 37

How do you calculate efficiency using a Sankey diagram?

Answer 37

Efficiency is the proportion of useful energy shown in the diagram compared to total energy input.

Question 38

What is the relationship between mass and kinetic energy?

Answer 38

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity.

Question 39

What is the effect of reducing friction on energy efficiency?

Answer 39

Reducing friction reduces energy losses and improves the efficiency of machines and systems.

Question 40

How does the law of conservation of energy apply to a pendulum?

Answer 40

In a pendulum, the total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) is conserved, assuming no friction or air resistance.

Question 41

What happens to the energy in a closed system?

Answer 41

In a closed system, the total energy remains constant, though it may change forms (e.g., from kinetic to potential).

Question 42

How do you reduce energy loss in electrical appliances?

Answer 42

Use insulation, better design, and more efficient components to reduce energy loss in electrical appliances.

Question 43

What is internal energy?

Answer 43

Internal energy is the total energy of all particles within a system, including kinetic and potential energy.

Question 44

What happens when energy is transferred by heating?

Answer 44

When energy is transferred by heating, the particles in a substance gain kinetic energy, increasing the temperature.

Question 45

What is the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation?

Answer 45

Conduction is the transfer of energy through a material, convection is the transfer through fluids, and radiation is energy transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Question 46

How does energy dissipation affect the environment?

Answer 46

Dissipation leads to waste energy in the form of heat, contributing to inefficiency and environmental issues like global warming.

Question 47

What is the energy transformation in an electric kettle?

Answer 47

In an electric kettle, electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy to heat water.

Question 48

What is the energy transformation in a car engine?

Answer 48

In a car engine, chemical energy from fuel is transformed into thermal energy, which is then converted into kinetic energy to move the car.

Question 49

How does a wind turbine convert energy?

Answer 49

A wind turbine converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy.

Question 50

What is the difference between heat energy and temperature?

Answer 50

Heat energy is the total internal energy of a system, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in the system.