Topic 1 - Earth Systems

Question 1

Abiotic

Answer 1

Non-living things in the environment.

Question 2

Atmosphere

Answer 2

The envelope of gasses that surround the Earth.

Question 3

Bio

Answer 3

Means life, or living.

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

Sum of all ecosystems on Earth.

Question 5

Biotic

Answer 5

Living thins in the environment.

Question 6

Crust

Answer 6

Made up of valleys, trenches, mountains and volcanoes, and composed of tectonic plates.

Question 7

Cryosphere

Answer 7

Solid form of water, includes glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets and icebergs.

Question 8

Greenhouse Gas

Answer 8

• Carbon Dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous Oxide
• Ozone

Question 9

Groundwater

Answer 9

Water that is found underground.

Question 10

Lithosphere

Answer 10

The solid, outer part of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle.

Question 11

Mesosphere

Answer 11

Where meteors are found.

Question 12

Salinity

Answer 12

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water

Question 13

Stratosphere

Answer 13

Composed of ozone

Question 14

Tectonic Plate

Answer 14

Large sections of the Earth’s crust that shift over time.

Question 15

Turbidity

Answer 15

Particles in the water.

Question 16

Thermosphere

Answer 16

Where satellites and space shuttles are found.

Question 17

Troposphere

Answer 17

Composed of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Upper Mantle

Answer 18

Extends from below the crust to 410km towards earth’s core, and composed of mostly silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and flowing.

Question 19

Water Vapour

Answer 19

Gas forms of water.

Question 20

Food Chain

Answer 20

Shows movement of energy from one trophic level to another in an ecosystem.

Question 21

Food Web

Answer 21

Shows the movement of energy and many interactions within an ecosystem.

Question 22

Herbivore

Answer 22

Only eats plants.

Question 23

Carnivore

Answer 23

Only eats meat.

Question 24

Omnivore

Answer 24

Eats both plants and meat.

Question 25

Producer

Answer 25

An organism that can produce/create their own energy. (plants)

Question 26

Consumer

Answer 26

Needs to consume or eat other consumers and producers to gain energy.

Question 27

Decomposer

Answer 27

Responsible for breaking down dead/decaying organisms to return nutrients to ecosystem.

Question 28

Trophic Levels

Answer 28

The level an organism is found on a food web/chain.

Question 29

Primary Consumer

Answer 29

An organism that eats plants and provides the energy needed for other types of consumers to use.

Question 30

Secondary Consumer

Answer 30

The organisms that eat the primary consumers.

Question 31

Tertiary Consumer

Answer 31

Tertiary consumers are animals that consume the secondary consumers to obtain nutrition from them.

Question 32

Quaternary Consumer

Answer 32

An animal that consumes at the very top of the food chain, after the tertiary consumer.

Question 33

Ecological Pyramid

Answer 33

A graphical representation of the relationship between the different living organisms at different trophic levels.

Question 34

Energy Pyramid

Answer 34

A model that shows the flow of energy from one trophic, or feeding, level to the next in an ecosystem.

Question 35

Pyramid of Numbers

Answer 35

Shows the total number of individual organisms at each level in the food chain of an ecosystem.

Question 36

Biomass

Answer 36

Renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals.

Question 37

Biomass Pyramid

Answer 37

Is the representation of total living biomass or organic matter present at different trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Question 38

10% Rule

Answer 38

Only 10% of energy is moved up per trophic level.

Question 39

Germination

Answer 39

The start of growth of a plant from a seed.

Question 40

Seedling formation

Answer 40

The seed starts growing towards sunlight when it gets the proper nutrients from the sun as well from the roots.

Question 41

Growth & Development

Answer 41

Plants carry out a process called photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to synthesize their own food in the form glucose.

Question 42

Differentiation

Answer 42

Plants become a mature plant and starts flowering.

Question 43

Pollination

Answer 43

When pollen travels from one plant to the flower of another plant.

Question 44

Fertilisation

Answer 44

When the pollen meets the egg inside the flower, this creates seeds.

Question 45

Formation of Fruit & Seeds

Answer 45

After fertilisation, the ovary of the flower starts to grow and change into some fruit. Inside the fruit, the seeds develop. When the fruit is ripe, it’s like a signal for the seeds to be dispersed.