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Science 9 > Topic 1 Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 1 Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the test for proteins

A

Biuret Solution (Blue to purple)

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2
Q

What is the test for glucose

A

Benedict’s Solution (Blue to Yellow-Orange

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3
Q

What is the test for lipids

A

Brown Paper (Spot that lets light pass through

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4
Q

What is the test for starches

A

Iodine (Red-Brown to Blue-Black)

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5
Q

What is produced after neutralization

A

Water and A SALT

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6
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, requires no energy

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7
Q

What is osmosis

A

Osmosis is the DIFFUSION of water

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8
Q

What is solid waste? Can it be recycled?

A

Garbage collected from households, industrial plants, commercial buildings, etc.

Some solid waste can be recycled but most of it ends up in a landfill

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9
Q

What do these numbers mean on a fertilizer label:

15-30-15

A

15% Nitrogen
30% Phosphorus
15% Potassium

Sulfur is a fourth element in some fertilizers

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10
Q

What is a pesticide

A

Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests

There are also herbicides and insecticides

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11
Q

What is pollution

A

Any change in the environment that produce a condition that is harmful to living things

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12
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

Nitrogen Fixation is the process of changing free nitrogen to form compounds that organisms can use

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13
Q

Name 3 ways free nitrogen can be changed into useable nitrogen

A

1) Bacteria in root nodules
2) Lightning
3) Decomposers break down waste, release nitrogen compounds into soil

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14
Q

Name 2 ways nitrogen is released back into the air

A

1) Bacteria

2) Water carrying nitrogen deep into the ground to the point it is unusable

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15
Q

Name 2 reasons why pesticides are bad

A

1) Loss of Food

2) Pests develop a resistance to the pesticide

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16
Q

Why are landfills lined with clay?

A

Clay is impermeable so any solutions found in the landfill can’t enter the soil and groundwater

17
Q

What is a septic tank?

A

An underground container where bacteria break down the organic materials before they are moved out to the soil

18
Q

What is sewage?

A

Wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry

19
Q

What is effluent?

A

Liquid waste found in rivers that is treated

20
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Anything formed from dead plants and animals. They are called hydrocarbons because they primarily contain hydrogen and carbon. However they can contain other elements such as Mercury or lead

21
Q

What is the reaction equation for fuel combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon+Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy

22
Q

If a substance contains hydrogen sulfide, what is it called? How about if it has no hydrogen sulfide?

A

Hydrogen Sulfide Present= “Sour” Gas

Hydrogen Sulfide Absent= “Sweet” Gas

23
Q

What is an acid? Give an example of a STRONG and WEAK acid

A

A substance that dissolves in water that has a pH <7

Strong: Battery Acid (0.5), Lemon Juice (2.0)
Weak: Milk (6.0), Normal Rain (5.6)

24
Q

What is a base? Give an example of a STRONG and WEAK base

A

A substance that dissolves in water that has a pH >7

STRONG: Drain Cleaner (13.8), Ammonia (12.0)

WEAK: Baking Soda (8.2), Some soils and lakes in Alberta (8.0)

25
Q

What does it mean when a substance is neutral

A

When a substance is neither an ACID or BASE. Has a pH of 7

26
Q

What are organic compounds

A

Anything that is complex and contains carbon

Ex. Coal

27
Q

What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients.

A

Macronutrients are nutrients required in large doses (Ex. Oxygen). Micronutrients are nutrients required in smaller doses (Ex. Selenium). MACRONUTRIENTS ARE NOT MORE IMPORTANT THAN MICRONUTRIENTS

28
Q

What is an optimum amount

A

The amount of a nutrient for the healthiest organism

29
Q 
What elements do these contain:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins/Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
A

Carbohydrates: C,H,O
Lipids: C,H,O
Proteins: C,H,O,N
Nucleic Acids: C,H,O,N,P

30
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This uses up energy. This is found in plants

31
Q

What is ingestion

A

The process of ingesting food into our bodies. Food must be broken down to get nutrients

32
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

The breakdown or digestion of large organic molecules. A substance that is broken down is hydrolyzed. “Hydro” means water and “lysis” means break down

Sugar+Water -> Glucose

33
Q

What is a substrate

A

The material or surface where an organism live on

Science 9 (4 decks)

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