Topic 1. General doctrine of the disease, etiology and pathogenesis. Flashcards
(24 cards)
Give the definition of health
Health is a state of total physical, mental and social welfare of a person and not only the absence of diseases or physical defects
Give the main factors that can affect health
the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person’s individual characteristics and behaviours. Income and social status Education Physical environment Social support networks Genetics Health services Gender
Define disease as a biological, medical and social problem
Disease is a disorder of physical and mental welfare of a person caused by harmful effect, which results in limited adaptive capacity and working ability of the organism increasing the probability of death
Give the four stages in the development of diseases which develop in 4 stages
Latent period
Prodromal period
Period of pronounced manifestations and expressed clinical signs
Outcome
What is the latent period?
No clinical signs
Wat is the prodromal period?
The first clinical symptoms appear which are common in many diseases
What is the period of pronounced manifestations and expressed clinical signs?
Signs specific of this disease
Give examples of diseases which progress in three stages
Cardiovascular, endocrine, allergic
Give the stages of the three stage progression model of a disease
Beginning
Stage of disease proper
Outcome
What are the three possible outcomes of a disease?
Recovery (complete/incomplete)
Transformation into a chronic form or pathological state
Death with pre-agony, agony, clinical and then biological death
Define aetiology
Aetiology is a teaching about causes and conditions of a disease
What is the issue with causality in aetiology?
It is difficult to distinguish causative factors from disease promoting conditions
What is the meaning of cause in the occurrence of a disease?
Th cause is the reason that the disease occurred. Without it the disease would not have occurred regardless of the conditions present
What is the meaning of a condition with respect to the development of a disease?
Exogenous and endogenous conditions which can modify the aetiological factor to either promote or prevent the occurrence of the disease
What are risk factors?
Risk factors are those factors which can be causes or promoting conditions for a disease
What is causalism in disease development?
An overestimation of the role of causes and an underestimation of the role of conditions
What is conditionalism in disease development?
An overestimation of the role of conditions and an underestimation of the role of causes
State the concept of pathogenesis
Pathogenesis is mechanisms of disease development and outcome after etiological factor action
Describe the two types of cause and effect relationship in pathogenesis?
The aetiological factor initiates a pathological process and then disappears so the pathological process develops in the absence of the aetiological factor (radiation, trauma)
The cause continues its action throughout all the periods of disease development (infectious disease) so the aetiological factor permeates the pathological process and influences it
What is the primary damage?
It is the first step in the pathological process caused by the etiological factor
What are secondary damages?
They are subsequent steps in the pathological process caused by the original aetiological factor
What is the main link of pathogenesis?
It is the process necessary for the development of all others such as insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
What is a vicious circle?
In the case of a vicious circle the subsequent pathogenetic link stimulates the previous one. The process cannot end without help and becomes endless.
Give the relationship of pathological (destructive) and adaptively-compensatory (protective) effects in pathogenesis.
In any disease he organism resists injuries by developing defence (protective, adaptive, compensatory) reactions
