Topic 1: Intro to Biology

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

• Science is knowledge
• Science is inquiry
• Science is reasoning

Question 2

Inductive reasoning

Answer 2

Logic based on several observations

Question 3

Deductive reasoning

Answer 3

Logic used to make hypotheses and test predictions

Question 4

What is Biology?

Answer 4

Study of living systems

Question 5

Describe the basic porperties of living organisms

Answer 5

1. Life is ordered
2. Life processes energy
3. Life undergoes growth
   and development
4. Life responds to the
   environment
5. Life regulates itself
6. Life reproduces
7. Life adapts to the environment by evolutionary adaptation

Question 6

Life is ordered

Answer 6

*** The complex structures of live
are arranged in highly ordered
structures
* Energy must be put into each
system to maintain order
* Non-living things can be also
ordered… just not as highly
ordered as living systems!
**

Question 7

Life processes energy

Answer 7

• Movement
• Reproduction
• Maintenance of order

Question 8

Life undergoes growth
and development

Answer 8

DNA encodes inherited
information to trigger
developmental pathways

Question 9

Life responds to the
environment

Answer 9

• Constant monitoring of the
  environment!
• Food, prey avoidance,
  regulation of internal
  conditions (temperature, etc.)

Question 10

Life regulates itself

Answer 10

• Often in response to the
  environment
• ‘homeostasis’ is the maintenance
  of a (more-or-less) constant
  internal environment through
  regulation

Question 11

Life reproduces

Answer 11

• All organisms reproduce to
  make more of their own kind
• Sexual reproduction vs.
  non-sexual reproduction

Question 12

Life adapts to the environment by evolutionary adaptation

Answer 12

Populations of a species will, over time, adapt to
their environment by evolution
* Not directed!

Question 13

Arrange the levels of biological organization

Answer 13

Biosphere
ecosystems
communities
populations
organisms
organs/organ systems
tissues
cells
organelles
molecules

Question 14

Biosphere

Answer 14

all environments inhabited by life

Question 15

Ecosystems

Answer 15

all the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic)
components of an area

Question 16

Communities

Answer 16

all organisms in an ecosystem

Question 17

Populations

Answer 17

all individuals of a species

Question 18

Organisms

Answer 18

individual living things

Question 19

Organs/Organ Systems

Answer 19

carry out particular functions in the
organism

Question 20

Tissues

Answer 20

groups of similar cells -> make up organs

Question 21

Cells

Answer 21

FUNDAMENTAL unit of life -> make up tissues
Performs all required activities

Question 22

Organelles

Answer 22

components of cells

Question 23

Molecules

Answer 23

chemical structure

Question 24

Emergent properties

Answer 24

characteristics that arise at certain levels of organization that are missing at lower levels.
* Due to arrange and interaction of particular
components
Example: Coronavirus impacts on human health
Non-biological example: Bicycles

Question 25

Systems biology

Answer 25

is looking at the entire system

Question 26

Reductionism

Answer 26

going from highest level of organization to simpler components. Example: DNA molecular structure

Question 27

What is the emergent property of a cell?

Answer 27

Life

Question 28

What can all living cells be divided into?

Answer 28

Prokaryotic – Bacteria – Archaea Eukaryotic -protsits -fungi animal -plants

Question 29

GENETIC INFORMATION

Answer 29

DNA / RNA Passed on from mother cell to daughters

Question 30

Mitosis

Answer 30

Exact copies

Question 31

Meiosis

Answer 31

Passed from one generation to the next haploid

Question 32

Genes

Answer 32

are encoded within DNA

Question 33

Transcription

Answer 33

Rewriting of DNA as RNA

Question 34

Translation

Answer 34

Decoding RNA into protein

Question 35

explain how energy flows and nutrients cycle within an ecosystem

Answer 35

Energy flows – Transformed – Lost as heat Chemicals are recycled – Absorbed by plants – Transferred through food chain

Question 36

Negative feedback

Answer 36

slow down the processes sweating is bringing down your body temp

Question 37

Positive feedback

Answer 37

speed up the processes

Question 38

Interactions

Answer 38

* Happen in Molecules to Ecosystems * Regulation processes

Question 39

How are organisms grouped?

Answer 39

– Similarities – Evolutionary relationships

Question 40

List the 3 domains of life

Answer 40

Domain Bacteria Domain Archea Domain Eukarya

Question 41

(phenotypes)

Answer 41

traits we can see

Question 42

Outline the requirements for natural selection

Answer 42

– Trait must be variable within population – Trait must be heritable from one generation to the next

Question 43

Define evolution

Answer 43

Process of change that allows pop. to adapt to their enviroment - not goal oriented - TAKES PLACE IN A POP THOURGH NATURAL SELECTION

Question 44

Natural selection

Answer 44

in any given enviorment traits which enable a individual to grow survive and reporduce are passed on to future gens and are selected for

Question 45

unity

Answer 45

2 species share certain traits bc they descended from a common ancestor