Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
What are all living cells made of?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Describe a PROkaryotic cell
Found in bacteria, does not have a nucleus
Describe the EUkaryotic cell
Found in plants and animals, contains a nucleus
What do plant and animal (eukaryotic) cells have in common?
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus containing DNA
What do bacterial (prokaryotic) cells contain?
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- single circular strand of DNA, and plasmids (found in cytoplasm)
Define organelle
Structures in a cell that have different, specific functions
What do animal cells contain?
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- vacuole
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
- cell wall
What do plant cells contain?
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosome
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
Define the nucleus and its function
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cells activities
Define cytoplasm and it’s function
A jelly like material which contains dissolved nutrients, salts and structures called organelles. This is where many of the chemical reactions occur
Describe the cell membrane and its function
It’s structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Describe the mitochondria and its function
Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
Describe ribosomes and their function
A tiny organelle where protein synthesis occurs
Describe chloroplast and its function
Organelles that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
Describe the cell wall and its function
Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant
