Topic 1: Key Concepts in Biology Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the 7 life processes? (Mrs Gren)
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Features of a Light Microscope
• Two lenses: Eyepiece + Objective
• Total Magnification of x1000
Features of an Electron Microscope
• Uses a beam of electrons instead of light rays
• Total Magnification of x500,000
• Used to see organelles in detail
Define Magnification
How many times bigger an image is.
Define Resolution
The ability to see two things as separate objects.
What’s the equation including Magnification?
Image = Actual x Magnification
I=ma
Unit Conversions
1 metre= 1000 millimetres
1 millimetre = 1000 micrometers
1 micrometre = 1000 nanometres
1 nanometre = 1000 picometres
What are the functions of the 5 organelles in animal cells?
Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic material.
Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and leaves the cell (partially permeable).
Cytoplasm: Where the chemical reactions of the cell take place.
Mitochondria: Where respiration occurs to release energy.
Ribosome: Where protein synthesis occurs.
What are the functions of the 3 organelles only found in plant cells?
Cell Wall: Keeps the cell rigid; provides strength and support to the plant.
Chloroplast: Where food is made via photosynthesis.
Vacuole: Sap filled structure that provides additional support to the cell.
What’s the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus whereas Prokaryotic cells don’t.
What are the 3 types of Prokaryotes?
Rods
Cocci
Spirals
What are the functions of the 7 Bacterial organelles?
Chromosomal DNA: Controls most of the cell’s actions.
Plasmid DNA: Controls some of the cell’s actions.
Cell Membrane: Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Ribosomes: Where protein synthesis occurs.
Flagellum: Spins round like a propellor to enable movement.
Slime Coat: For protecting the cell.
Flexible Cell Wall: For supporting the cell.
What is Calorimetry?
The burning of food to see how much energy it contains.
Describe the method for the Calorimetry practical.
1) Weigh the food sample
2) Pour 20g of water into a boiling tube
3) Mount the sample and set fire to it
4) Hold it underneath the boiling tube until it’s been fully burned
5) Measure the new water temperature and record the results
How do you calculate the energy in food?
Energy in food ( J )= Mass of water (g) x Temp Change of Water x 4.2
How do you calculate the energy per gram of food?
Energy per gram of Food ( J/g ) = Energy in food ( J )
Mass of Food (g)
What are the uses of Protein and where is it found?
• Strengthening + Repairing Muscle tissue
• Found in meats, eggs, fish and nuts
What are the uses of Carbohydrates and where are they found?
• Energy stores and release
• Found in pasta, rice, potato, bread and grain
What are the uses of Fats and where are they found?
• Long-term energy stores
• Layered around organs for protection
• Found in meat, oils and lard
What is the use of Fibre and where is it found?
• Aids digestion
• Found in whole meal products (eg. Cereal)
What can carbohydrates be broken down into and by what enzyme?
Starch (carbohydrates) —> Glucose (simple sugar)
• Broken down by Carbohydrases (eg. Amylase)
What can Proteins be broken down into and by what enzyme?
Protein —> Amino Acids
• Broken down by Proteases (eg. Pepsin)
What can Fats be broken down into and by what enzyme?
Lipids —> Glycerol + Fatty Acids
• Broken down by Lipase
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts, substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or consumed in the reaction.
