TOPIC 1 Macronutrients

Question 1

name 4 functions of protein

Answer 1

-growth
-repair
-maintenance
-energy

Question 2

what is the consequences of having an excess amount of protein

Answer 2

-weight gain
-puts a strain on liver and kidneys which can be dangerous

Question 3

name some deficiency issues when having too little protein in the diet

Answer 3

-kwashiorkor, thin hair
-growth is slowed down
-hair, skin and nails don’t grow as fast and get into a poor condition
-immune system doesnt work properly and is weakened

Question 4

Name 4 foods a vegetarian would get protein from

Answer 4

-beans
-lentils
-nuts
-eggs

Question 5

Name 4 alternative proteins

Answer 5

-soya
-mycoprotein
-TVP
-tofu

Question 6

What is soya an alternative protein

Answer 6

-a HBV protein source
-are cooked to remove toxicity in salads
-plantbased

Question 7

what is mycoprotein (an alternative protein)

Answer 7

-traditionally made from mush-room like fungus and egg white
-have instead of chicken

Question 8

what is TVP (alternative protein)

Answer 8

-made from soya beans
-can be made into sausages, burgers and ready meals

Question 9

what is tofu (alternative protein)

Answer 9

-made by curdling soya milk
-different textures dependant on how much water

Question 10

what should alternate proteins be cooked in

Answer 10

marinades or sauces as they don’t taste of much

Question 11

name examples of macronutrients

Answer 11

-proteins
-fats
-carbs

Question 12

explain HBV proteins

Answer 12

-they contain all essential amino acids we need
-mainly found in animal sources (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cheese and milk

Question 13

explain LBV proteins

Answer 13

-missing one or more of the essential amino acids we need
-only found in plant sources (peas, lentils, nuts, seeds and most beans)

Question 14

define protein complementation

Answer 14

combining low biological value proteins to give enough of all essential amino acids we need

Question 15

name an example of protein complementation

Answer 15

hummus and pitta

Question 16

how much protein should a man and woman consume

Answer 16

40g

Question 18

what are the 3 things fats provide

Answer 18

-energy
-to protect organs
-insulation
-essential fatty acids

Question 19

what bond do saturated fatty acids have

Answer 19

single C-C bonds

Question 20

what bond do unsaturated fatty acids have

Answer 20

at least one C=C double bond

Question 22

characteristics of saturated fats

Answer 22

-solid at room temperature
-come from animal sources
-high in fat
-too much can increase cholesterol levels in the blood, increasing the risk of CHD
COME FROM- lard, butter and meat

Question 23

sources of protein

Answer 23

-animal
-plant

Question 24

whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 24

saturated are bad for your health and unsaturated are generally healthier

Question 25

characteristics of unsaturated fats

Answer 25

-liquid at room temperature -come from plant sources e.g nuts, seeds, veg -can be monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Question 26

what can unsaturated fats also be

Answer 26

-monounsaturated fats, contain one **C=C double bond.** found in olive oils and almonds -polyunsaturated fats contain more than one **C=C double bond** found in seeds and oily fish

Question 27

fats shouldn't make up more than what percent of our daily food energy

Answer 27

35%

Question 28

what is the average amount of fat an adult should consume in a day

Answer 28

20g-women 30g-men

Question 29

Excess fat

Answer 29

-lead to weight gain -obesity -type 2 diabetes -increase blood cholesterol levels

Question 30

Deficiency fat

Answer 30

-less fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E and K -weight loss -less insulation -thinner layer of fat under skin (bruise easily)

Question 31

examples of saturated fats

Answer 31

beef lamb pork

Question 32

examples of unsaturated fats

Answer 32

avocados olives nuts

Question 34

sugar (simple carbs) are digested quickly and can be divided into

Answer 34

-monosaccharides, basic sugar molecule. made of glucose and fructose -disaccharides, made up of 2 monosaccharides e.g sucrose

Question 35

polyaccharides are

Answer 35

-complex carbohydrates -take longer to digest -made up of lots of monosaccharides joined together such as starch

Question 36

what percentage of energy come from carbs

Answer 36

50%

Question 37

excess carbs

Answer 37

-obesity, weight gain -tooth decay -fat deposit

Question 38

deficiency carbs

Answer 38

-blood sugar levels drop -tiredness -lose muscle, making us weaker -constapation