Topic 1: Module 1- Introduction To Organic Chemistry Part 2

Question 0

What is the way to IUPAC name Alkyl and Aryl halides?

Answer 0

Abbreviate the halogen and add “o” to the end

chlorine becomes chloro.

Question 1

What are Alkyl and Aryl halides?

Answer 1

A Halogen bonded to the carbon chain

Question 2

What do Alkyl and Aryl halides do to a carbon chain?

Answer 2

Halogens form a polar bond with carbon, increasing reactivity of the molecule.

Question 3

What is the difference between Benzyl and Phenyl?

Answer 3

Benzyl has the benzine ring and a CH2 group. Phenyl has no CH2 group.

Question 4

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 4

Saturated

Question 5

What is the formula for Alkanes?

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

What is the IUPAC suffix for Alkanes?

Answer 6

-ane

Question 7

What is the chemical formula for Methane based on your knowledge of IUPAC names?

Answer 7

CH4

Question 8

How do we name side chains by IUPAC?

Answer 8

Carbon number prefix, -yl suffix.

Eg a side chain of Ch3 is Methyl. A side chain of C8H18 is Octyl.

Question 9

How do we know the position of a side group in a compound from it’s IUPAC name?

Answer 9

Carbon chains are numbered. The name will have numbers, which is the carbon number in the chain the side group is attached to. Eg 4-methyloctane is a chain of 8 carbons with a single carbon side group attached to the 4th carbon in the chain of 8.

Question 10

If more than one side group of the same kind occur, how do we name it?

Answer 10

The number prefix.
Eg a compound that has 8 carbons in it’s chain, and 4 side groups of CH3 (positioned 1,3,5,7) is named 1,3,5,7-butyloctane

Question 11

How do we figure out which side group goes first in the name?

Answer 11

Alphabetical order.

Question 12

How do we number a carbon chain or ring? How do we know which carbon to start numbering from?

Answer 12

In chains, start from the left or right, depending on which side gives the side groups the lowest number for their name.
For rings, number from the first carbon that is closest or attached to the side group with the first letter earliest in the alphabet.

Eg a side group of chlorine is earlier in the alphabet than methyl, so naming a structure with a 6 carbon ring, a chlorine side group and a methyl side group opposite it. The name of the compound will be 1-chloro-6-methylcyclohexane

Question 13

Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 13

Unsaturated

Question 14

What is the formula for cycloalkanes?

Answer 14

CnH2n

Question 15

What is a cycloalkane?

Answer 15

Tetrahedral arrangement around the C atom. Rings aren’t flat (except cyclopropane) they are arranged in such a way that they are bent or distorted looking. The bonds between carbons aren’t at 180degrees.

Question 16

What is cyclohexane conformation?

Answer 16

Different shapes the molecule can take on, with varying stability eg the chair shape is more stable than the boat shape.

Question 17

How do you name a cycloalkane compound using IUPAC?

Answer 17

Add cyclo- before the typical carbon number prefix and ane suffix.

Eg ring of 5C is cyclopentane.

Question 18

Is an Alkene a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 18

Unsaturated

Question 19

What is the formula for Alkenes?

Answer 19

CnH2n

Question 20

What two bond types do Alkenes contain?

Answer 20

A sigma bond and a pi bond

Question 21

How do you IUPAC name an Alkene?

Answer 21

Ends in “ene” and longest carbon chain that CONTAINS the carbon double bond, numbered so the carbon double bond has the lowest number.

Eg chain of 4 with carbon double bond between carbons 1 and 2 is called But-1-ene.

Question 22

What shape is an Alkene?

Answer 22

Chain containing at least one carbon double bond.

Question 23

Are Cycloalkenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 23

Unsaturated

Question 24

What are the formulas for cycloalkenes?

Answer 24

CnH2n-2 CnH2n-4 for dienes CnH2n-6 for trienes

Question 25

What is the formula for Alkynes?

Answer 25

(CnH2n-2)

Question 26

What bonds are in Alkynes?

Answer 26

1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds between carbon atoms

Question 27

How do you IUPAC name an Alkyne?

Answer 27

Ends in yne and contains 1 triple bond. Same naming rules as for alkenes, longest carbon chain containing triple bond, triple bond at lowest no.

Question 28

What bonds do Arenes contain?

Answer 28

3 carbon carbon double bonds with delocalised electrons. | 2 resonance structures

Question 29

Are Arenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 29

Unsaturated

Question 30

What is the main example of an Arene compound?

Answer 30

Benzine ring

Question 31

What's special about Aurene structures?

Answer 31

Carbons only have 3 bonds, not 4. Delocalised electrons from carbon's lack of 4th bond float in electron clouds around rings, creating conductivity and fluid movement between the sheets of structure

Question 32

A benzine rings flat or shaped?

Answer 32

Flat.

Question 33

Do benzine rings undergo substitution or adition?

Answer 33

Substitution.