Topic 1: Molecules, Transport And Health - Biomolecules ( water, carbohydrate and lipids) Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define the term alpha glucose
an isomer of glucose which has the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon-1 below the plane of the ring.
Define Amylopectin
A branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by a-1,6 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose
Define the term Amylose
An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monoers joined by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin
Define Beta glucose
an isomer of glucose which has the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon-1 above the plane of the ring.
Define condensation reaction
a type of reactions that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.
Define dipole
a molecule which has an unequal distribution of electrons, which causes atoms in the molecule to have partial charges.
Define Ester bond
A type of bond formed by a condensation reaction which joins the hydrogen (H) of each fatty acid tail to the hydroxyl (OH) of the glycerol molecule in a triglycerid.
define fatty acid
A chain of carbon atoms with the end carbon possessing a carobxyl group (COOH)
define galactose
A monosaccharide which, when combined with glucose, forms the disaccharide lactose.
define glycerol
A 3-carbon molecule which contains 3 hydroxyl (OH) groups and is a component of triglycerids.
define glycosidic bond
A bond between two monosaccharides forms in a condensation reaction.
Define glucogen
A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha-glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.
define hydrolysis
Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule.
Define maltose
A disaccharide made of two molecules of glucose joined by a glycosidic bond
Define monosaccharide
the individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.
Define polysaccharide
molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.
Define saturated fatty acid
a type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
define saturated lipid
A lipid molecule containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
define starch
A polysaccharide made of alpha-glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants.
define triglyceride
a type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by 3 ester bonds to three fatty acid molecules.
Define unsaturated fatty acid
a type of fatty acid molecule containning at least one double bond in the carbon chain.
Define unsaturated lipid
A lipid which contains at least one C=C double bond.
