Topic 1 - The environment is made up of chemicals that can support or harm living things

Question 1

What is Nitrogen Fixation?

Answer 1

Process of changing free nitrogen that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to shape compounds that organisms can utilize.

Question 2

Nitrogen can be fixed by:

Answer 2

1. Bacteria in the soil
2. Bacteria on nodes found at the ends of plant roots
3. Lightning

Question 3

Nitrogen becomes free again:

Answer 3

• Used by living things
• Lost in drainage water
• Broken down by other bacteria in the soil

Question 4

What is pollution?

Answer 4

Any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things.

Question 5

What are the 3 elements that plants need to grow?

Answer 5

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

Question 6

The 3 kinds of pesticides:

Answer 6

Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides

Question 7

What does a herbicide do?

Answer 7

They kill weeds

Question 8

What does a insecticide do?

Answer 8

They kill insects

Question 9

What does a fungicide do?

Answer 9

They kill fungus

Question 10

What is leachate?

Answer 10

Liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil.

Question 11

What is a sanitary landfill?

Answer 11

Sites specially formed to prevent waste chemicals from moving into the soil.

Question 12

What is sewage?

Answer 12

Wastewater including dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry

Question 13

What is septic tank?

Answer 13

A big container which is underground and full of bacteria which breaks down waste and nutrients moved into the soil.

Question 14

What is septic treatment plant?

Answer 14

They put chemicals into this water to clean it.

Question 15

What is effluent?

Answer 15

Wastewater which is released from a factory or sewage treatment plant.

Question 16

What is organic compounds?

Answer 16

It includes carbon.

Question 17

What is inorganic compounds?

Answer 17

It does not include carbon.

Question 18

What does pH stand for?

Answer 18

The power of hydrogen.

Question 19

What is Neutralization?

Answer 19

where an acid reacts with a base.

Question 20

What is Acid?

Answer 20

pH less than 7.

Question 21

What is Base (Alkali)?

Answer 21

pH greater than 7.

Question 22

What is the pH scale used for?

Answer 22

Utilized to measure how acidic a substance is.

Question 23

What is Litmus Paper?

Answer 23

A special paper that turns red in acid and blue in base.

Question 24

What is Universal Indicator?

Answer 24

A special paper that changes to a range of different colors depending on how acidic or basic a susbtance is.

Question 25

What is the Neutralization Equation?

Answer 25

Hcl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) - NaCl(aq) | Acid base → water ionic salt

Question 26

The products of neutralization (combining an acid with a base)

Answer 26

Acid + Base Arrow Water & Ionic Salt

Question 27

What elements are found in carbohydrates?

Answer 27

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

Question 28

What elements are found in proteins & amino acids?

Answer 28

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 29

What is Nucleic Acid & What elements are found in nucleic acids?

Answer 29

Nucleic Acids is the largest and most complicated found in living things. They are made from Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Question 30

What is micronutrient?

Answer 30

Micronutrient is very small or smalll scale.

Question 31

What is macronutrient?

Answer 31

Macronutrient is large or large scale.

Question 32

What are the macronutrients?

Answer 32

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium,, Sulfur

Question 33

What is optimal amount?

Answer 33

The balanced amount of nutrients an organism needs for best health.

Question 34

What elements are found in lipids?

Answer 34

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 35

What is Diffusion?

Answer 35

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No extra energy is needed.

Question 36

What is Osmosis?

Answer 36

The diffusion of water. No extra energy is needed.

Question 37

What is Active Transport?

Answer 37

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high . Energy is needed.

Question 38

What is Fertilizer?

Answer 38

A substance which enhances the soil so that plants will grow better.

Question 39

What is a pesticide?

Answer 39

Chemicals utilized to kill pests.

Question 40

What is a pest?

Answer 40

An organism that harms individuals, crops, or formations. .

Question 41

What is storm sewers?

Answer 41

large pieces that carry runoff water from yards and streets directly (without treatment) into a river, lake, or ocean.

Question 42

What is Fossil Fuels?

Answer 42

fuel shaped from dead plants and animals; coal, oil & natural gas.

Question 43

What is optimum amount?

Answer 43

the amount of a substance that provides an organism with the best health.

Question 44

What is the 4 necessary classes of organic compounds?

Answer 44

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids