Topic 1 Theory

Question 1

Decimal Terms from KiloByte to YottaByte

Answer 1

KiloByte (KB) 10^3
MegaByte (MB) 10^6
GigaByte (GB) 10^9
TeraByte (TB) 10^12
PetaByte (PB) 10^15
ExaByte (EB) 10^18
ZettaByte(ZB) 10^21
YottaByte(YB) 10^24

Question 2

Binary Terms from KibiByte to YobiByte

Answer 2

KibiByte (KiB) 2^10
MebiByte (MiB) 2^20
GibiByte (GiB) 2^30
TebiByte (TiB) 2^40
PebiByte (PiB) 2^50
ExbiByte (EiB) 2^60
ZebiByte (ZiB) 2^70
YobiByte (YiB) 2^80

Question 3

what is CISC, example of CISC

Answer 3

Complex Instruction Set Computer,
complete tasks using a smaller number of assembly lines.
Example: Intel x86 Architecture

Question 4

Differences between RISC and CISC

Answer 4

RISC requires larger code size, while CISC require smaller code size

Question 5

What is RISC, example of RISC

Answer 5

Reduced Instruction Set Computer
complete task utilizing small and highly optimized set of instructions.
Example: ARM Architecture

Question 6

Definition of Embedded Systems

Answer 6

a dedicated function embedded as part of a complete device or system.
or software and hardware designed for a specific function

Question 7

Definition of Computer Architecture

Answer 7

Attributes of a system visible to programmers.
Attributes direct impact on logical execution of program.

Question 8

Definition of Computer Organisation

Answer 8

Operational units and their interconnections that realize architectural specifications

Question 9

Architectural attribute examples

Answer 9

Instruction set,
number of bits to represent various data types
I/O mechanisms,
memory addressing modes.

Question 10

Organisational attribute examples

Answer 10

Hardware details transparent to programmer, such as control signals , interface between computer and peripherals, memory technology used.

Question 11

Distinction between Architecture and Organization

Answer 11

Computer Organization change with technology,price, performance characteristics, computer models etc.

Computer architecture can span many years.

Question 12

4 Basic functions performed by computer

Answer 12

Data processing, Data Storage, Data movement and Control

Question 13

Structural components of a computer

Answer 13

CPU,Main memory, I/O and system interconnection

Question 14

structural components of a cpu

Answer 14

Registers,ALU, control unit, cpu interconnection

Question 15

Components affecting program performance

Answer 15

Algorithm, Programming language, Compiler, Instruction Set Architecture

Question 16

Execution time formula

Answer 16

Instruction count x CPI x clock cycle time

(instruction count x CPI) / clock rate

Question 17

MIPS rate formula

Answer 17

Instruction count / execution time x10^6

Instruction count / instruction count x CPI x clock cycle time x 10 ^6

Clock Rate/CPI x 10^6

Question 18

Relationship between clock rate and clock cycle time

Answer 18

Inversely proportional