Topic 10

Question 1

What is self management?

Answer 1

when an individual uses behaviour modification techniques to change their own behaviour

Question 2

What are behaviour deficits?

Answer 2

desirable behaviours are not occurring enough

Question 3

What are behaviour excesses?

Answer 3

undesirable behaviours are occurring too much

Question 4

What do they mean when they say competing contingencies?

Answer 4

rarely just one behaviour to consider

Question 5

Can one behaviour have multiple consequences?

Answer 5

yes!

Question 6

Does delayed reinforcers decrease or increase reinforcement value?

Answer 6

decreases, makes it harder to associate the behaviour with the reinforcer

Question 7

What needs to occur if the wanted behaviour takes a lot of effort to complete?

Answer 7

the magnitude of the reinforcer needs to be sufficiently high to overcome the effort needed

Question 8

Can the presence of discriminative stimuli for undesired behaviour make the behaviour more likely instead of desired behaviour

Answer 8

yes!

Question 9

What is low response cost?

Answer 9

if a behaviour is easy to complete, the behaviour is more likely to occur

Question 10

Example: what are the immediate and delayed consequences of studying?

Answer 10

Immediate:
-punishing to engage in an aversive task
-increased response cost (lots of work)
-Reinforcement of competing behaviour (doing literally anything fun)
Delayed:
-less stress
-improved grades

Question 11

What is controlling behaviour?

Answer 11

your self-management strategy

Question 12

What is controlled behaviour?

Answer 12

target behaviour to be changed as a result of the strategy

Question 13

What are some examples of self-management strategies?

Answer 13

-goal setting
-behavioral contracts
-arranging reinforcers and punishers
-recruiting social support
-self instruction/self-praise

Question 14

Should self set goals have a set timeline?

Answer 14

yes! they should also have specific success criteria

Question 15

What are behavioral contracts?

Answer 15

written document that specifies both target behaviours and contingencies of the procedure

Question 16

What is a contract manager in this context?

Answer 16

another person responsible for carrying out consequences planned in your self-made behavioral contract

Question 17

What is short-circuiting the contingency?

Answer 17

allowing yourself to have the reinforcer before you meet the requirements for its delivery

Question 18

What is ratio strain?

Answer 18

too much responding required to receive reinforcement can reduce responding overall

Question 19

How can you implement maintenance strategies to keep the change going over time?

Answer 19

-move to intermittent reinforcement schedules
-schedule times to self-monitor behavior occasionally

Question 20

What are some common problems for self-management?

Answer 20

-ratio strain
-consequences are too delayed
-short-circuited
-procedures are sometimes not practical
-unclear descriptions

Question 21

What is a habit?

Answer 21

a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up

Question 22

What are the two types of habits?

Answer 22

Informal: an addictive practice
Psychology: an automatic reaction to a specific situation

Question 23

What are the three categories of repetitive behaviour?

Answer 23

1. Nervous Habits
2. Tics and Tourette’s disorder
3. Stuttering

Question 24

What are the three subtypes of tics and Tourette’s disorder?

Answer 24

-Motor tics
-vocal tics
-Tourette’s disorder

Question 25

What are nervous habits?

Answer 25

-repetitive and or manipulative behaviours that occur when individual experiences heightened tension -often harmless

Question 26

Why is tourette's disorder different then motor/vocal tics?

Answer 26

Tourette's is a tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal tics (for at least 1 year)

Question 27

When does a habit behaviour turns into a habit disorder?

Answer 27

-occurs excessively, frequency, intensity or duration -dangerous, distress, social stigma

Question 28

What is awareness training?

Answer 28

teach detection of the habit (to then prevent)

Question 29

What is competing response training?

Answer 29

prompt and reinforce a incompatible response in anticipation of the habit behaviour

Question 30

Is habit reversal effective for everyone?

Answer 30

No! may be ineffective for very young children or people with intellectual disabilities

Question 31

What is a motivating strategy?

Answer 31

A kind of habit reversal procedure -therapist reviews with the client, when habit occurs and how habit affected them