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Physics Edexcel ✅ > Topic 10 - Electricity and circuits > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Electricity and circuits Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Symbols needed for circuits

A

Cell, battery, open switch, closed switch, filament lamp, fuse, LED, power supply, resistor, variable resistor, ammeter, voltmeter, diode, LDR, thermistor, motor

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2
Q

Series circuits are

A

Circuits where components are connected from negative to positive in one line(except voltmeters)

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3
Q

If one component of a series circuit disconnects,

A

The whole thing stops working

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4
Q

Series circuits rules

A

Bigger supply voltage when there are more cells
The current is the same everywhere
The total voltage is shared between components
The total resistance increases when resistors are added

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5
Q

Parallel circuits are

A

Circuits where each component is seperately connected to the + and - of the supply(except ammeters)

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6
Q

If one component disconnects in parallel,

A

It doesnt affect the whole circuit

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7
Q

Parallel circuits rules

A

Potential difference is the same across all components
Current is shared between brances, so the total current is each parts current added together
There are junctions where the current splits and rejoins with equal magnitude at the end
The total resistance of circuit decreases if another resistor is added in parallel

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8
Q

Voltage/Potential difference is

A

The force driving the charge round. The energy transferred per coulomb of charge passed

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9
Q

1V =

A

1J per Coulomb

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10
Q

Energy transferred(J) =

A

Charge Moved(C) x Potential Difference(V)

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11
Q

Voltmeters measure

A

Voltage

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12
Q

Voltmeters are always connected in

A

Parallel

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13
Q

Ammeters measure

A

Current

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14
Q

Ammeters are always connected in

A

Series

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15
Q

Current is

A

The flow of electrical charge around the circuit

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16
Q

Current only flows if

A

There is a potential difference and the circuit is complete

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17
Q

Charge(C)=

A

Current(A) x time(s)

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18
Q

When current splits at a junction and rejoins after,

A

The current is conserved

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19
Q

Resistance is

A

Anything that flows the current down

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20
Q

The higher the resistance,

A

The lower the current

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21
Q

Potential difference(V)=

A

Current(A) x Resistance(Ohms)

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22
Q

How do resistors work

A

The electrons collide with the ionic lattice , so it is harder to flow through.
Temperature increases due to ions vibrating
This makes it harder for current to flow

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23
Q

Adding resistors in series means……, why?

A

The total resistance increases.
The voltage is shared between resistors. This reduces voltage and current.
The current is the same everywhere so total current decreases, leadign to resistance increasing

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24
Q

Adding resistors in parallel means…. ,why?

Study These Flashcards
A

The total resistance decreases.
Adding an extra loop, and the potential difference is the same as the total
This means that the total current increases

25
To investigate the relationship of V, I, and resistance in series
The standard test circuit is used. Contains an ammeter, main component being tested, and voltmeter
26
Core practical: Constructing circuits to investigate relationship of V, I, resistance process
Connect standard test circuit Use fixed resistor or filament lamp as component Change potential difference of power supply, and measure current and voltage Plot on graph and calculate resistance Make sure circuit doesnt get too hot as it changes results
27
IV Graph for fixed resistors
Linear graph as current and voltage are directly proportional
28
Filament lamp IV graph
Non-linear Goes neagtive in current because current can flow both ways if voltage is negative
29
Diode IV graph
Non linear but doesnt go negative current Current only flows in one direction
30
LDR is
A light dependant resistor
31
LDR resistance pattern
In bright light, resistance increases Vice versa
32
Thermistors are
A temperature dependant resistor
33
Thermistor resistance pattern
In hot conditions, resistance drops Vice versa Opposite of normal resistor
34
How to change circuit to test diode
Switch direction of diode after measurement to observe no current
35
How to change circuit to test thermistors
Keeping voltage the same, heat thermistor gradually. Resistance decreases
36
How to change circuit to test LDRs
Conduct experiment in dim room. Use dimmer switch to slowly change light level
37
When there is an electric current in a resistro,
There is energy transfers to thermal energy stores in the resistor
38
Electrical energy is dissipated as
Thermal energy in the surroundings
39
How to reduce unwanted energy transfer in wires
Use low resistance wires
40
Advantgaes of heating effect in wires`
Used in appliances to heat things. Current passes through and makes resistors hot, which heats things up. Also used in filament bulbs
41
Disadvantages of heating effect in wires
Reduces efficiency Can melt components
42
Energy transferred(J) =
Current(A) x Voltage(V) x Time(s)
43
Power is
The energy transferred per second and is measured in Watts
44
Power(W) =
Energy transferred(J) / Time(s)
45
Electrical power is also related to
The potential difference and current of the appliance
46
Electrical Power(W) =
Current(A) x Potential difference(V)
47
(When V isnt known) Electrical power(W) =
Current(A)^2 x Resistance(Ohms)
48
Two types of electricity supplies
Ac and DC
49
AC is
Alternating current, the current is travelling in alternating directions.
50
UK mains supply is
AC
51
DC is
Direct current. The current only travels in one direction
52
Cells and Batteries use
DC
53
UK mains supply voltage and frequency
230V 50Hz(times current alternates per second)
54
3 wires in plugs
Live wire - Brown Neutral wire - Blue Earth wire - Green and yellow
55
Live wire is
The wire carrying the voltage
56
Neutral wire is
Completes the circuit, so current can flow Has no voltage
57
Earth wire
For safety and protecting wiring. Carries current away if something goes wrong
58
How do fuses work
Connected to live wire so that if there is a surge in current, it melts and breaks the circuit. This means that current doesnt flow through casing and cause elctric shock
59
A connection between live and earth wire is dangerous because
It creates a low resistance path to earth,s othat that there is a huge potential difference and therefor a very large current. This could result in a fire

Physics Edexcel ✅ (15 decks)

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