- Plans - Quality of Designs - Materials - Compartments - Manholes - SIZES OF PIPE INLET & OUTLET & THEIR VERTICAL LEGS: - LENGTH AND LOCATION OF INLET & OUTLET - VENT DIAMETER - AIR SPACE - PARTITION - STRUCTURE: - CAPACITY: - LOCATION:

TOPIC 10: Sewage Disposal System Flashcards by Rolein Nicole A. Parco

the final stage of the plumbing process;
where used water and water-carried wastes are brought to
various disposal outlets

DISPOSAL PHASE

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A watertight covered receptacle designed and constructed
to receive the discharge of sewage from a building sewer,
separate solids from the liquid, digest organic matter and
store digested solids through a period of detention, and
allow the clarified liquids to discharge for final disposal

SEPTIC TANKS

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solid organic matter that are denser than water
and settle at the bottom of the septic tank

SLUDGE-

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lighter organic material that rise to the surface of
the water

SCUM-

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liquid content of sewage

EFFLUENT-

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Bacteria in septic tank
to encourage decomposition

Aerobic bacteria
Anaerobic bacteria

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relies on oxygen to survive

Aerobic bacteria

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can survive in places without
oxygen

Anaerobic bacteria

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Minimum dimensions of septic tanks

Minimum
dimensions-
L= 1500mm
W=900mm
D=1200mm

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DESIGN CRITERIA:

Plans
Quality of Designs
Materials
Compartments
Manholes
SIZES OF PIPE INLET & OUTLET & THEIR VERTICAL LEGS:
LENGTH AND LOCATION OF INLET & OUTLET
VENT DIAMETER
AIR SPACE
PARTITION
STRUCTURE:
CAPACITY:
LOCATION:

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should show all dimensions, reinforcing, structural calculations, and such other ___ as needed.

PLANS: pertinent data

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shall be such as to produce a clarified effluent of acceptable standards and shall provide adequate space for ___ accumulations.

QUALITY OF DESIGN; sludge and scum

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constructed of durable materials, not subject to excessive
_____, shall be watertight.
cement (most common) or pre-fabricated cast iron

MATERIALS: corrosion or decay

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Septic tanks have two compartments:

First and second compartments

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not less than 2/3 capacity of the total
capacity of tank; not less than 2 cum liquid capacity;
shall be at least 0.9 m width and 1.5 m long; Liquid
depth not less than 0.6 m nor more than 1.8 m

First compartment:

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First compartment: not less than __ capacity of the total capacity of tank; not less than ___ capacity;
shall be at least ___ width and ___ long; Liquid depth not less than ___ nor more than ___.

2/3 ; 2 cum liquid
0.9 m ; 1.5 m
0.6 m ; 1.8 m

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maximum capacity of 1/3 total
capacity of tank; minimum of 1 cum liquid capacity

Secondary compartment:

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Secondary compartment: maximum capacity of __ total
capacity of tank; minimum of __ liquid capacity

1/3; 1 cum

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In septic tanks having over 6 cum capacity, the secondary
compartment should be not less than ___ in length.

1.5 m

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maintain a slope of ___ at the bottom of the digestion chamber to collect the sludge and make it easily accessible
from the manhole

1:10

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with at least two (2) manholes, ___ in min dimension;
one over inlet, other over outlet. Wherever first compartment
exceeds ___ in length, an additional manhole required
over the baffle wall.

MANHOLES: 508 mm; 3.7 m

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– diameter size not less than the
sewer pipe

Vertical legs of inlet and outlet pipes – diameter size not less
than the sewer pipe nor less than ___

SIZES OF PIPE INLET & OUTLET & THEIR
VERTICAL LEGS; Inlet and Outlet pipes; 104.6 mm.

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Shall extend 101.6 mm above and at least 304.8 mm below
the water surface

Invert of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than ___
mm above the invert of the outlet pipe.

LENGTH AND LOCATION OF INLET & OUTLET:; 50.8

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equal to the cross sectional area of the house sewer.

VENT DIAMETER:

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Side walls shall extend 228.6 mm above liquid depth. Cover of septic tank shall be at least ___ above the back vent openings.

AIR SPACE: 50.8 mm

An inverted fitting equivalent in size to the tank inlet, but in no case less than ___ in diameter, shall be installed in the inlet compartment side of the baffle with the bottom of the fitting placed midway in the depth of the liquid. Wooden baffles are prohibited.

PARTITION (between compartments); 104.6 mm

Shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not less than ____

STRUCTURE: 14.4 kPa

The capacity of septic tanks is determined by the _____ in dwelling occupancies; by the estimated waste/sewage design flow rate for various building occupancies; or by the number of fixture units of all plumbing fixtures; whichever is greater. The capacity of any one septic tank and its drainage system shall also be limited by the ____ in its drainage field.

CAPACITY; number of bedrooms or apartment units; soil structure classification

Should not be located ____ the house : At least 15 meters from the water distribution system

LOCATION; underneath

3 degrees or grades of waste water

Grey Water( Area water) Black Water Storm Water

Waste water with the exception of human wastes From laundries, wash basins, sinks, tubs, etc.

Grey Water (or Area Water)

Water plus solid and liquid human wastes

Black Water

Rainwater only

Storm Water

CLASSIFICATION OF SEWERS

Combination Public Sewers Storm Sewers Sanitary Sewers

Carries regular sanitary wastes only Terminates in a modern sewage disposal plant for treatment Built at a depth of 3 meters (tributaries)

Sanitary Sewers

Oldest variety Carries both storm & sanitary wastes

Combination Public Sewers

2 TYPES OF SANITARY SEWERS:

Tributary Sewers Intercepting Sewers

- a.k.a. ‘collecting sewers’ - Termination points of tributary sewers - Lifting stations are placed at certain intervals and pumps or sewage ejectors are used to lift the waste; sewers terminate at the disposal plant

Intercepting Sewers

- Termination points of individual units or structures - Usually round shaped, with diameters between 0.60 to 1.2 meters - Made of vitrified clay or cement pipes; often installed by the curb line, before the street - Normally laid in the Northern or Eastern side of streets with east-west or north-south orientations

Tributary Sewers

Intercepting Sewers - Placed much lower in the ground, from ____ in depth - Varies in shape but have a diameter or effective opening ranging from ____ - Sloped at an angle of ____

4 to 30 meters; 0.60 to 3 meters; 1:50 or 2%

Sewers REQUIRED Drainage pipes of all buildings shall be connected to the ____. When not available, they shall be connected to an approved ____

public sewer; private sewage disposal system.

Sewers REQUIRED: Public sewer may be considered as not being available if it is more than ____ from any proposed building or exterior drainage facility.

61 meters

Sewers REQUIRED Exception: Single family dwellings with an existing private sewage disposal system may not be connected to a new public sewer when no _____ is evident and when there is no sufficient grade or fall existing to permit proper drainage flow by gravity to the public sewer.

hazard, nuisance or unsanitary condition

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM It is ____ to discharge any ashes, cinders, solids, rags, flammable, poisonous, explosive liquids or gases, oils, grease, and other things whatsoever which would cause damage to the public sewer or private disposal system.

unlawful

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM No ______ shall discharge into any excreta drainage system.

rain, surface or subsurface waters

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM No cesspool and septic tank effluents, seepage pit or under drain system shall be connected to the _____ leading to a public sewer main.

excreta building sewer

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM No _____ shall be connected to a private or public sewage disposal system.

commercial food waste grinder

INSTALLATION OF SEWER: Building sewers shall be run in practical alignment at a uniform slope of not less than ____ toward the point of disposal.

2% or 21 mm/m

SIZE OF SEWER: The minimum size of any building sewer shall be determined on the basis of the _____ drained by such sewer. No building sewer shall be smaller than _____ nor less in size than the building drain.

total number of fixture units; 150 mm diameter

INSTALLATION OF SEWER: Exception: When impractical due to depth of street sewer, structural features or to adverse arrangement of building, to obtain a slope of ___, sewers in diameter may have a slope of not less than 1% (10.5 mm/m) and those 203 mm diameter and larger may have a slope of not less than ____

2%; 102 mm and 152 mm; 0.5% (5.3 mm/m)

INSTALLATION OF SEWER: No building sewer shall be installed less than ____ from the outer face of any building foundation, nor less than ___ below the finish surface of the ground

0.6 M; 0.3 M

INSTALLATION OF SEWER: Building sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which are not approved for use within a building shall not be laid in the same trench as water pipes unless: - the bottom of the water pipe is ___ above the top of the sewer pipe (NPC 1208.1.1), - the water pipe is placed on a ____ at one side of the common trench with a minimum horizontal distance of at least 0.3 m from the sewer or drain pipe (NPC 1208.1.2).

0.3M; solid shelf excavated

INSTALLATION OF SEWER: Location of building sewer in relation to other services is shown below. ____ from any building or structure 15.2 m from ____ ___ from streams 0.30 m from ____ ____ from public water main

0.60 m; water supply wells; 15.2 m; domestic supply pipes; 0.30 m

Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which are not approved for use within a building shall be laid a minimum of ___ clear above the sewer or drain pipe. Water pipe joint shall be installed not less than 3 meters away from sewer line in both directions.

0.3 m

Private sewage disposal system common in rural areas for structures with large adjacent open fields

DISPOSAL FIELDS

dependent on the required _____, whichever is greater, and; the type of soil found in the excavation.

AREA; septic tank capacity or estimated sewage flow rate

No excavation for leach bed shall extend within ___ of the water table.

DISTANCE FROM WATER TABLE: 1.5 m

Filter material in the trenches shall terminate ____ from pit excavation and the pipe extending from such points to the seepage pit shall be watertight.

WITH SEEPAGE PIT: 1.5 m

a loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank; designed to permit effluent to seep through pit bottom and sides

SEEPAGE PITS

based on the quantity of ____ and on the character and porosity of the surrounding soil

CAPACITY: liquid waste

Circular in shape with excavated diameter of not less than ____ and to be lined with clay or concrete brick.

SIZE OF SEEPAGE PIT: 2.2 m

_____ shall have a minimum compressive strength of 17225 kPa.

STRENGTH: Brick lining

served through a distribution box or shall be connected in series by means of a watertight connection. The outlet shall have a vented leg fitting extending ____ below the inlet fitting.

MULTIPLE SEEPAGE PITS: 304.8 mm

a non-watertight lined excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of a sanitary drainage system, designed to retain the organic matter but permitting the liquid to seep through the pit bottom and sides

CESSPOOLS

- Temporary expedient pending the construction of a public sewer, so long as it is established that a public sewer will be available in less than ____ and the soil and ground water conditions are favorable; - As an overflow facility when installed in ____ with an existing cesspool; - As a means of sewage disposal for limited, minor, or temporary uses.

TEMPORARY PERMITS: 2 years; conjunction

oldest form of disposal of organic waste. Consists of a vault constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelter

Outside Privy

COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL When liquid wastes containing excessive amounts of grease, garbage, flammable wastes, sand, or other ingredients which may affect the operation of a private sewage disposal system, an ____ for such waste shall be installed.

REQUIREMENTS: interceptor

COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL Waste from interceptors may be discharged to a ____ or other primary system or into a separate disposal system.

DISPOSAL: septic tank

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool 0.6 m: 1.5 m: 2.4 m : 2.4 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Buildings or structures*

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool Clear** ; 1.5 m; 1.5 m; 2.4 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Property line Adjoining private Property

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool 15.2 m ; 15.2 m ; 30.5 m ; 45.7 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Water supply wells

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool 15.2 m ; 15.2 m ;15.2 m ; 30.5 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Streams

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool - ; 3 m ; - ; 3 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Trees

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool - ; 1.5 m; 1.2 m; 1.5 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Disposal field

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool -; 1.5 m; 1.5 m; 3.7 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Seepage pits or Cesspools

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool 0.3 m; 1.5 m; 1.5 m; 1.5 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: On site domestic Water service line

Some features of Sewage Treatment Plan

- An aeration system within the tank; - A submersible mixer to mix the waste; - A sludge waste pump that aids in clarifying; - A decanter; - Blowers; - A fully electronic control system, etc.

Location of Sewage Disposal System: BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool 3 m ; 3 m ; 3 m ; 3 m

MIN. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: Pressure public Water main

2 Most Common Types of Municipal Sewage Treatment

The Activated Sludge Process The Trickling Filter Process

- Involves a series of stations where the raw sewage must pass through - Produces water with 99-99.5% purity

The Activated Sludge Process

The Activated Sludge Process - gets rid of heavy materials with the use of three different filter houses

First Phase

The Activated Sludge Process - clarifies the effluent

Second Phase

The Activated Sludge Process - hardens the sludge and converts it to fertilizers

Third Phase

Complete Activated sludge process

1. Grit Chamber 2. Course screen house --> raw sewage inlet 3. Fine screen house 4. Incinerator 5. Activated sludge tank 6. Aerating basin 7. Clarifier---> outlet 8. Power House 9. Drier house 10. Liquid extractor house 11. Chemical house 12. warehouse 13. Vacuum power house

- a.k.a ‘Percolating or Sprinkling Filter System’ - Requires less mechanical elements and less stages - Produces water with 95% purity - Requires a large ground area for its building

The Trickling Filter Process

TOPIC 10: Sewage Disposal System Flashcards

(85 cards)