Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CHEMISTRY > Topic 11 > Flashcards

Topic 11 Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are addition polymers

A

Relatively large molecules made by combing smaller molecules contains c- c bonds
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A polymer is a substance :

A

Of high average relative molecular mass, Mr

Made up of small repeating units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Poly(ethene) is a polymers made by combining many

A

ethene molecules (monomers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Properties of poly(ethene)

A

Flexible cheap good electrical insulator

Use - plastic bags plastic bottles and cling film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Properties of poly(propane)

A

Flexible shatterproof has a high softening point

Uses- buckets and bowls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Properties of poly(chloroethene)

PVC

A

Tough cheap long lasting good electrical insulator

Use - window frames gutters and pipes insulation for electrical wires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Properties of PTFE

poly(tetrafluoroethene)

A

Tough slippery resistant to corrosion good electrical insulator

Uses - non stick coatings for frying panda containers for corrosive substances and insulation for electric wires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are polyesters

A

Condensation polymers rather than addition polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two monomers

A

Polyesters need two different monomers

1- a molecule containing two carboxylic acid croutons
1- a molecule contains two alcohol groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does an Ester link form?

A

Each time two different monomers react together

One molecule of water forms each time an water link forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Condensation polymerisation

A

When the two different monomers react together, producing a water molecule

The other molecule has a carboxylic acid group and an alcohol group
These groups can react with more monomers
This process continues producing a very long polyester molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Found in nucleus of cells “double helix” structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA is a polymer made from monomers called

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are proteins

A

Polymers made from monomers called amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Manufacture of polymers

A

Crude oil is the main raw material needed to make addition polymers and most condesnsatuon polymers. Crude oil is:

  • a finite resource
  • a non-renewable resource
  • often imported by users - it’s supply and cost vary over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polymer problems

Non-biodegradability

A

Most artificial polymers are not biodegradable :

This is useful because objects made from polymers last a long time

This is a problem because objects made from polymers do not break down easily when they are disposed of:(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does biodegradable mean

A

Materials eventually rot away:
Microbes feed on them
This breaks them down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Four ways to dispose of polymers

A

Landfill sites
Burning
Biodegradable polymers
Recycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Landfill sites

A

:(
Polymers are not biodegradable
They last for many years
We are running out of landfill sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Burning polymers

A

:(

Many polymers release toxic gases when they Burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Biodegradable polymers

A

:)
These are being developed
They will not rot away in landfill sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Recycling of polymers

A

:)
Melting and reforming into new objects
Breaking down into new raw materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of landfill sites

Study These Flashcards
A

Most waste goes into landfill

Waste is disposed of quickly
Waste is out of sight once it is covered over

:( space for landfill sites is running out
Most polymers are not biodegradable and will last for many years
Landfill sites are unsightly and attravtcpeats

24
Q

The alcohols form a

Study These Flashcards
A

Homologous series of compounds

25
The alcohols:
* have the same functional group, -OH * have similar chemical properties * differ in the molecular formulae of neighbouring members by CH2 * show a gradual variation in physical properties, such as boiling points
26
Alcohol names
End in ol Methanol Ethanol
27
Structure of alcohols
Has a hydroxyl group
28
Methanol, ethanol and propanol all:
Dissolve in water to form a neutral solution React with sodium to produce hydrogen Burn in air : For example- Methanol + oxygen -> CO2!+ water
29
Burning or combustion is an example of
An oxidation reaction
30
Ethanol burns in air
Ethanol + oxygen -> CO2 + water
31
Ethanol can also be oxidised to ethanoic acid by :
Chemicals called oxidising agents or The action of microbes Ethanoic acid is the main acid in vinegar
32
Formula for ethanol
C2H5OH
33
Ethanol is produced from
Carbohydrates in aqueous solution by a process called fermentation Carbon dioxide is also produced in this reaction The carbohydrates can be sugars from fruit such as grapes or from the breakdown of starch from wheat or barley
34
Yeast is a
Single-felled fungus It provides enzymes for fermentation to happen Glucose -> ethanol + CO2
35
Explain why the fermentation mixture must be kept warm and under anaerobic conditions
The reaction is too slow at low temperatures and the yeast enzymes do not work at Hugh temperature Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration if oxygen is present aerobic respiration happens instead producing only a carbon dioxide and water
36
Fractional distillation is used to obtain a concentration solution of ethanoic This works because :
Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water It is not possible to obtain pure ethanol by this method alone the small amounts of water that remains must be absorbed chemically
37
Carboxylic acids form a
Homologous series of compounds
38
The carboxylic acids :
Have the same functional group, -COOH Have similar chemical properties Differ in the molecular formulae of neighbouring members by CH2 Show a gradual variation in physical properties such a sbioiling points
39
Names of carboxylic acids
End in anoic acid Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid
40
Structure of carboxylic acid
Has a carboxylic group
41
Reactions of carboxylic acids
Have the typical properties of acids they can: • reactxwith carbonated to produce a salt water and carbon dioxide •react with magnesium and other reactive metals to produce a salt and hydrogen •dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions
42
Carboxylic acids are
Weak acids
43
Weak acids
Only partially dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water eg Ethanoic acid reversible Ethanoate ion + hydrogen ion At the same concentration weak acids have a higher pH than strong acids such as hydrochloride acid
44
What are nanoparticles
Structure consisting of only a few hundred atoms
45
Nanoparticles have a very small size so
Nanoparticulate materials have different properties from the same substance in larger pieces as a bulk material
46
Nanoparticles are useful for
Sunscreens - they still absorb harmful ultraviolet light from the sun but cannot be seen on the skin Lightweight strong materials - such as carbon nanotube in tennis rackets Future drug delivery systems - buckyballs consist of hollow balls of carbon atoms
47
Surface area to volum for nanoparticles
Very large Therefor useful for catalysts eg as coatings for self-cleaning surfaces and clothes
48
There are possible hazards associated with the use of nanoparticles they mayb :
Be breathed in, absorbed through the skin or transported into cells Take a long time to break down Attract toxic substances to their surfaces The risks to health and the environment may be difficult to predict and to measure
49
General properties o glass ceramics
``` Transparent Hard but brittle Poor conductors of heat and electricty Window glass Bottles ```
50
General properties of clay ceramics
``` Opaque Hard but brittle Poor conductors of heat and electricity Bricks China Porcelain ```
51
General properties of polymers
Transparent -> translucent -> opaque Poor conductors of heat and electricty m Often tough and ductile Bottles crates carrier bags
52
General Properties of metals
Can be polished to a shine Good conductors of heat and electricity Hard tough and ductile Cars bridges
53
Define brittle
Will crack or break when hit
54
Define brittle
Will crack or break when hit
55
Define tough
Resists cracking and breaking
56
Define ductile
Can be bent, twisted or stretched without cracking or breaking

CHEMISTRY (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions