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Year 1 Inorganic Chemistry > Topic 11: Metallic Bonding and Crystallography > Flashcards

Topic 11: Metallic Bonding and Crystallography Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

In close packing of sphere, the 2nd layer will form … to the 1st

A

identically

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2
Q

There is 2 types of close packing depending on where the 3rd layers sits: … and …

A

hexagonal
cubic

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3
Q

In hexagonal close packing, the 3rd layer sits … so has a … layer arrangement with … (number of spheres). It occupies … of the total volume.

A

directly over the 1st
A B A
7 spheres in A , 3 in B, 7 in A
74%

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4
Q

Unit cell

A

Smallest parallel-sided volume element of a crystal structure (atom arrangement)
Represents much larger lattice

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5
Q

In cubic close packing/Face centred packing, the 3rd layer sits … and the 4th layer sits … so has a … layer arrangement with … (number of spheres). It occupies … of the total volume.

A

over the holes the the 1st layer
directly over the 1st
A B C A
1 sphere in A, 6 in B, 6 in C and 1 in A
74%

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6
Q

Describe a HCP unit cell (number + location of spheres, dimensions, coordination number)

A

4 at top corners (A), 1 in middle (B), 4 at bottom corners (A)
Side lengths: a = b < c
Angles: α = β = 90°, γ = 120°
12 coordination number

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7
Q

Describe a FCC/CCP unit cell (number + location of spheres, dimensions, coordination number)

A

5 at top (4 corners, 1 face)
4 in middle (faces)
5 at bottom (4 corners, 1 face)
Diagonally 1,6,6,1
Side lengths: a = b = c
Angles: α = β = γ = 90°
12 coordination number

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8
Q

Describe a BCC unit cell (number + location of spheres, dimensions, coordination number)

A

4 at top corners (A), 1 in middle (B), 4 at bottom corners (A)
Side lengths: a = b = c
Angles: α = β = γ = 90°
8 coordination number

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9
Q

Describe a Primitive unit cell (number + location of spheres, dimensions, coordination number)

A

one atom in each corner of cube
Side lengths: a = b = c
Angles: α = β = γ = 90°
6 coordination number

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10
Q

CCP and FCC are ….

A

the same

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11
Q

In Body-Centred cubic packing, the spheres are arranged in … based on … not … . The 2nd layer sits … so … and the 3rd layer sits … .It occupies … of the total volume.

A

layers
square rows
triangular
directly over a gap in the 1st
pushes the spheres slightly apart
directly over the 1st
68%

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12
Q

A BCC unit cell has … spheres in its layers. Its coordination number is …

A

4 at top corners
1 in middle
4 at top corners
8

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13
Q

2 main solid structures

A

crystalline
amorphous

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14
Q

Arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids

A

orderly array called a lattice
regular internal arrangement of atoms

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15
Q

Arrangement of atoms in amorphous solids

A

atoms lie in a random jumble
similar structure to liquids

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16
Q

Atomic crystalline solids are held together by … . Examples are … . They have low …

A

diversion forces
noble gases
melting and boiling points

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17
Q

Molecular crystalline solids are held together by … . Lattice points are occupied by …

A

inter-molecular
individual molecules

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18
Q

Ionic crystalline solids are held together by … . Electrons are … to form … and held together by …

A

transfer between atoms
anions and cations
electrostatic forces

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19
Q

Metallic crystalline solids have a … surrounded by an array of … held together by … . Interaction are maximised when … are …

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A

sea of electrons
cations
electrostatic forces
cations
close packed

20
Q

Network covalent crystalline solids are held together by … which … . These are …

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A

strong covalent bonds
extend throughout the solid forming a network
hard

21
Q

Name the crystalline solids

Study These Flashcards
A

Atomic
Molecular
Ionic
Metallic
Network covalent

22
Q

How does metals being malleable and ductile relate to its structure

Study These Flashcards
A

delocalised electrons lead to non-directional bonding
without breaking bonds

23
Q

How does metals being electrical and thermal conductors relate to its structure

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A

Delocalised electrons are mobile

24
Q

Define alloy

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A

blend of metals or a metal and other element(s) that is prepared by mixing the molten components and then cooling
Elements have been mixed together at an atomic level

25
Solid solution
General term for a solid with elements mixed at the atomic level
26
Metals in alloys can ...
Add strength Be a sacrificial metal (to oxidation)
27
Substitutional alloy
Atoms of the solute metal randomly occupy sites in the solvent metal lattice
28
Substitutional alloy criteria
The metal radii must be similar, normally within 15% of each other The solute metal must tolerate the coordination environment of the host lattice. The electropositive characteristics of the two metals must be similar, otherwise charge transfer and the formation of a compound is more likely
29
In an Interstitial alloy, ... There is ... of space available even in a close packed structure
some of the holes (interstices) between the metals are occupied by another element. 26%
30
How many Unit Cells share the corner atom
8
31
How many Unit Cells share the edge atom
4
32
How many Unit Cells share the face atom
2
33
How many Unit Cells share the middle atom
1
34
How much do corner atoms contribute to counting atoms in a Unit Cell
1/8
35
How much do edge atoms contribute to counting atoms in a Unit Cell
1/4
36
How much do face atoms contribute to counting atoms in a Unit Cell
1/2
37
How much do middle atoms contribute to counting atoms in a Unit Cell
1
38
Total volume of a Unit Cell = Total volume of the 4 Spheres in Unit Cell = Spheres volume / Total volume =
x^3 = 8^3/2 * r^3 16/3 * pi * r^3 16/3 * pi / 8^3/2 * r^3 = 0.74
39
A primitive Unit Cell has lattice points ...
Only on the corners (No Centring)
40
Every Unit Cell has a ... within it
primitive lattice
41
A lattice point translates by ... to another corner of the Unit Cell
(+1, 0 ,0)
42
A Body-Centred Cell has atoms translated by ... from the corners to the centre
(1/2, 1/2, 1/2)
43
A Face-Centred Cubic has atoms translated by ..., ... and ...
(1/2, 1/2, 0) (1/2, 0, 1/2) (0, 1/2, 1/2) (new atom on all 6 faces)
44
A structure type is ...
a defined arrangement of atoms
45
A crystal structure is the name given to the...
Unit Cell and the particular arrangement of atoms within it
46
Centre concept
Unit Cells may have translational symmetry that applies to all atoms within it known as centring The centring automatically generates new atom positions linked by the structural symmetry of the unit cell

Year 1 Inorganic Chemistry (14 decks)

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