topic 1.2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
when were all homosexual acts between men made illegal in the UK?
1885
in what year was homosexuality decriminalised in england and wales?
1967
when was the age of consent for same sex relationships equalised with heterosexual relationships in the UK?
2000
what was the Wolfenden report, and when was it published?
a 1957 report recommending legalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adults
which country decriminalised drug possession in 2001?
portugal
give two reasons as to why portugal changed its drug laws?
- high rates of heroin addiction (1 in 100 people addicted in the 1990s
- high HIV infection rates from needle sharing
what was the impact of portugal’s drug decriminalisation?
- reduced HIV infections
- lower drug related deaths
- shifted focus from criminal punishment to public health
what two major mass shootings led to changes in UK gun laws?
the hungerford massacre (1987) and the dunblane massacre (1996)
what law was introduced after the hungerford massacre?
restrictions on semi-automatic weapons
what law was introduced after the dunblane massacre?
a ban on most private handgun ownership
name 2 campaigns that influenced UK gun law changes
- gun control network - lawyers, academics, and victims’ families
- snowdrop campaign - parents of dunblane victims collected 750,000 signatures
how was childhood viewed before the 13th century?
there was no clear concept of childhood - children were seen as ‘mini-adults’ and worked from an early age
when did child labour start to decline in britian?
in the late 19th century
what is the modern view of childhood?
a special, protected stage of life where children are vulnerable and need care
what is the age of criminal responsibility in england, wales and northern ireland?
10 years old
what is the age of criminal responsibility in scotland?
12 years old
how do youth courts in england and wales differ from adult courts?
they are more informal, use first names, and do not allow public attendance
what is diminished responsibility in homicide cases?
a defense where a mental condition reduces the defendant’s ability to form rational judgement, lowering the charge to manslaughter
what is loss of control in homicide cases?
a partial defense that may reduce murder to manslaughter if the defendant acted in the heat of the moment
what is automatism in homicide cases?
a defense where the defendant had no conscious where the defendant had no conscious control over their actions (e.g. a seizure)
what is polygyny?
a man with multiple wives
what is polyandry?
a woman with multiple husbands
where is polygamy legal in?
58 countries, including some muslim-majority nations
where is polygamy illegal in?
most western countries, with penalties in some
