Topic 12- The evolution of animals I

Question 1

What is an animal? (name the 3 aspects)

Answer 1

Eukaryotes, multicellular, Heterotroph

Question 2

All animals reproduce BLANK but some can also reproduce BLANK

Answer 2

Sexually, asexually

Question 3

Give 3 examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

-Budding in jellyfish
-Fragmentation in sponges and flatworms
-Parthenogenesis: asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs

Question 4

What is the life cycle found in animals?
Choose one:

-Is a haplontic life cycle
-Is dominated by the halploid phase
-Includes meiosis that produces multicellular gametes
-shows the alternation of generations
-none of the above

Answer 4

none of the above
The diplontic life cycle is found in animals

Question 5

Which metabloic reaction can be found inside animals cells?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2–> 6CO2 +6H2O

Question 6

Body plans- Radical symmetry vs bilateral symmetry

Answer 6

Radical symmetry: looks like an x
Bilateral symmetry: straight line (top to bottom)

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Hox genes play important roles in the…

Answer 7

developement of animal embryos which
influence animal morphology

Question 8

What are homeotic genes?

Answer 8

regulatory genes that control the placement and spatial organization of body parts in animals, plants and fungi

Question 9

Body plans- Larva

Answer 9

sexually immature form of an animal that is morphologically distinct from the adult

Question 10

Body plans- Metamorphosis

Answer 10

developmental transformation that turns the animal into a juvenile that ressembles an adult but not yet sexually mature

Simpe terms: turns the animal into a juvenile that ressembles an adult and is not yet sexually mature

Question 11

Embryogenesis and development: what is the spiral cleavage?

Answer 11

Oblique to the axis of the body

Question 12

Embryogenesis and development: what is the determinate cleavage and an example?

Answer 12

Each cell defines a specific part of the embryo
—> protostomes

Question 13

Embryogenesis and development: what is the archenteron and blastapore ?

Answer 13

Archenteron = external environment
Blastapore = the opening of the archenteron

Question 14

Animals with radical symmetry show two embryonic tissues, what are they?
Are they diploblastic or triploblastic?
Give 2 examples

Answer 14

Ectoderm & Endoderm = diploblastic
Ex-coral, jellyfish

Question 15

Animals with bilateral symmetry show three embryonic tissues, what are they?
Are they diploblastic or triploblastic?
give 3 examples

Answer 15

Ectoderm, Endoderm & Mesoderm = triploblastic
Ex- vertebrates, worms, insects

Question 16

The blastopore develops into: the mouth in…
(2 things)

Answer 16

Protostomes = “first mouth”
and the anus in deuterostomes = “second mouth”

Question 16

The blastopore develops into: the mouth in…
(2 things)

Answer 16

Protostomes = “first mouth”
and the anus in deuterostomes = “second mouth”

Question 17

Embryogenesis and development: what is the radical cleavage?

Answer 17

Parallel to the axis of the body

Question 18

Embryogenesis and development: what is the indeterminate cleavage and an example?

Answer 18

each cell has the potential to produce a complete embryo
—> deuterotosomes

Question 19

What is the coelom?

Answer 19

The cavity lined by tissues derived from the mesoderm between the endoderm and ectoderm

Question 20

Which of the following statements is the most accurate?
A. The cleavage of the zygote produces haploid cells
B. The lumen (inside) of the digestive tract corresponds to the external environment
C. In protostomes, the blastopore forms the mouth in second
D. The ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are three tissues found in the adult stage of animals
E. The coelom is a cavity that forms inside the ectoderm

Answer 20

B. The lumen (inside) of the digestive tract corresponds to the external environment

Question 21

A species of fish lives in freshwater lakes and sees its internal temperature fluctuate over the seasons. This fish is…
A. A homeotherm
B. An endoderm
C. An ectoderm
D. A poikilotherm
E. A regulator

Answer 21

D. A poikilotherm

Question 22

If the source of heat is internal (metabolism) it is …

Answer 22

Endoderm

Question 23

If the source of heat is external (sunlight) it is…

Answer 23

ectoderm

Question 24

If there is a mechanism to attenuate/reduce the variations of the internal environnment when the external environnement fluctuates it is…

Answer 24

Homeotherm (regulator)

Question 25

If the variations in the internal environnment can be tolerated when the external environment fluctuates it is…

Answer 25

Poikilotherm (conformer)

*basically when the internal body temerature changes according to its external environnment