Topic 14: digital health

Question 1

Why does ethics matter in digital innovation?

Answer 1

• Emerging harm = privacy + bias + inequality
• Impact on care decisions
• Automation of judgment

Question 2

Describe the 4 principles for electronic health records

Answer 2

1) Autonomy: patient cannot control who sees records
2) Beneficence: improved access to info
3) Non-maleficence: data errors can harm patients
4) Justice: unequal access + digital literacy + privacy/security concerns

Question 3

Describe the 4 principles for imaging + picture archiving/communication system

Answer 3

1) Autonomy: data usage + consent = can be stored indefinitely + flexibly used
2) Beneficence: easy sharing across sites
3) Non-maleficence: may induce distortion
4) Justice: unequal access + digital literacy

Question 4

Describe the 4 principles for AI in diagnostic support

Answer 4

1) Autonomy: how AI makes decision = complicates informed consent
2) Beneficence: potential improved accuracy + efficiency
3) Non-maleficence: algorithmic bias + errors harm patient
4) Justice: only availble in wealthier hospitals + perform worse for certain populations

Question 5

Describe the 4 principles for machine learning predictive analytics

Answer 5

1) Autonomy: do patients have a say/know algorithm is stratifying them
2) Beneficence: help allocate resources = efficiency
3) Non-maleficence: algorithmic bias + error = harms patients
4) Justice: decision on score for patient in care management programs

Question 6

Describe the 4 principles for wearable sensors + remote monitoring

Answer 6

1) Autonomy: data privacy + ownership issues
2) Beneficence: catching issues early + encourage patients to engage with their health data
3) Non-maleficence: information overload + false/inaccuracies = anxiety/unnecessary treatment
4) Justice: surveillance concerns

Question 7

Describe the 4 principles for digital therapeutic health apps

Answer 7

1) Autonomy: data privacy + ownership issue
2) Beneficence: extends care beyond clinic + low cost accessible via phones
3) Non-maleficence: apps don’t go through FDA approval + data privacy
4) Justice: accessibility to resources + tech literacy

Question 8

Describe the 4 principles for surgical robots

Answer 8

1) Autonomy: consent
2) Beneficence: enhance precision + allow minimally invasive procedures
3) Non-maleficence: responsibility + training
4) Justice: cost + prioritization

Question 9

Describe the 4 principles for telemedicine + virtual care

Answer 9

1) Autonomy: consent = crossing jurisdiction
2) Beneficence: improve access + convenience
3) Non-maleficence: quality + safety concerns
4) Justice: not everyone gets equal benefit

Question 10

Describe the 4 principles for genomic + digital medicine

Answer 10

1) Autonomy: consent
2) Beneficence: identify disease risk + guide therapists
3) Non-maleficence: privacy
4) Justice: affordability + underrepresentation