Topic #2 Flashcards
What is Abiogenesis?
is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
What was the Miller-Urey experiment?
The Miller-Urey experiment was like a science test that tried to make something organic (like living things) from something inorganic (like non-living things). They mixed chemicals that were common in the early Earth’s atmosphere and sent electrical sparks through them to simulate lightning.
What are the requirements for life?
- Liquid water
- Essential Chemicals
- An energy source
Why is liquid water important for the requirements of life?
Biochemical reactions in water. Water dissolves nutrients, carries nutrients in/out of cells.
Why is essential chemicals important for the requirements of life?
Life has special elements (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) that make proteins and DNA that we need to survive
Why is a source of energy important for the requirements of life?
Life needs energy to grow, make chemicals, and react to surroundings. Energy from light, living things, or non-living stuff.
What is an extremophile?
Extreme Life: Thrives in tough places like super hot/cold, radiation, salt, or extreme pH.
What is the carbon cycle?
remember to practise drawing it
The carbon cycle is like Earth’s recycling system for carbon. Carbon moves between the air, plants, animals, and soil. People and animals breathe out carbon dioxide, plants use it for food, and when plants and animals die, carbon goes back into the ground. It’s a cycle that keeps carbon balanced.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
remember to practise drawing it
The nitrogen cycle is nature’s way of moving nitrogen around. Nitrogen is in the air and soil. Plants use it to grow. Animals eat plants. When plants and animals die, bacteria turn their nitrogen back to air and soil. It’s a circle that helps life keep going.
What is the chemical/worded equation for respiration?
Worded: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Chemical: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
What is the chemical/worded equation for photosynthesis?
Worded: Carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen
Chemical: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
What is the function of DNA?
It holds information to build and operate living things. It’s passed from parents to children and guides how our bodies work and look.
What is the structure of DNA?
Phosphate group → Deoxybribose sugar → Nitregenous base
What are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are simple cells without a nucleus. They’re like tiny, basic life forms, such as bacteria.
What are Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are complex cells that have a nucleus. Found in plants, animals, and fungi.
