Topic 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Describe what a cell membrane is and its function
Acts as a protective barrier for animal cells, allows the transport of materials into and waste out of the cell, and because the outer layer has receptor proteins it is important for communication of the cell
Describe what a Cell wall is and its function
Is a protective barrier for plants and only plants and bacteria cells. a rigid frame that gives plants support and support. is the part that allows the plant to grow tall.
Describe what a Cytoskeleton is and its function
Fills the cytoplasm that helps to maintain their shape and internal organization
Describe what a Chlorophlast is and its function
found only in plants, have a green pigment called chlorophyll, and the site of photosynthesis making glucose and oxygen.
Describe what a Rough and smooth E.R is and its function
Series of tubes branching off the nuclear envelope
The rough ER has a grainy appearance because of the attached ribosomes and is responsible for synthesizing proteins
Smooth ER
Has a smooth appearance and takes the lipid (fat) building blocks and assembles them into proteins.
Describe what a Golgi Apparatus is and its function
IS the post office of the cell, packaging and transports the materials of the cell
Describe what a Lysosomes is and its function
Kill the invading bacteria and destroying damaged cell organelles and if a cell malfunctions it will burst and kill the cell before infection spreads
Describe what a Nucleus is and its function
Contains the DNA of the cell and directs the whole cell and its cellular activities including the mitosis
Describe what a Ribosomes is and its function
Attached to the rough ER and takes amino acid building blocks and assemble them into proteins
Describe what a Vacuole is and its function
stores nutrient, fats and secretions of the cell if the vacuole is not full the whole cell will die
Describe what a Vesicle is and its function
small bubbles with the same structure as the cell membrane and transports substances within the cell
Describe what a Cytoplasm is and its function
A gel like substance that fills the whole cell
what kind of system is a cell and why
IS a open system because it can have matter and energy transport through it
Differences between plant and animal cells
Plants have a cell membrane while animal cells have cell membranes, plants have a rigid cell shapes, animal cells have smoother cell shapes, plants have one singular vacuole and animals have multiple vacuoles, plants can photosynthesize with chloroplasts and animals cant
Similarities between animal and plant cells
Both have a vacuole but animals just have multiple vacuoles and both have nucleus, and ER
Cell membrane structure
is a flexible barrier having a phospholipid bilayer hydrophilic head facing outward and hydrophobic heads facing inward. these make the cell membrane a semi permeable membrane.
Difference between active and passive transport
Active transport is going against the concentration gradient and passive is going along it
Describe Osmosis
the movement of water molecules and occurs when there is a solute concentration difference
Describe Facilitated Diffusion
Is diffusion is diffusion that moves water soluble molecules and helps the molecules transport by the proteins from the cell membrane using channel or carrier proteins.
Describe Active Transport using Endocytosis
vesicle is formed around the solute then goes inside the cell
Describe Active Transport using Exocytosis
Vesicle formed by the Golgi apparatus then releases out
Describe Diffusion
transports the molecules that are fat soluble or small like O2 and CO2 because the molecules can dissolve or pass trough the concentration barrier
What is Tonicity
The concentration of solutes outside of the cell relative to the concentration inside the cell.
