Topic 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are ions?
Charged particles, single or groups of atoms.
How do we know the charge of an ion?
The number of electrons lost or gained is the same as the charge of the ion.
What forces are ions strongly attracted by in ionic bonding?
Electrostatic forces
What are the groups most likely to form ions?
1,2,6,7
What are the 2 properties of ionic compounds structure?
Giant ionic lattice
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
What are polymers?
Lots of small units linked together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections.
What bonds are polymer atoms joined by?
Covalent bonds
What are 4 properties of diamond?
Giant covalent structure
4 covalent bonds
Rigid structure
Really strong so they can cut other solids
What are 4 properties of graphite?
Giant covalent structure
3 covalent bonds
Layers of hexagons
One delocalised electron per carbon atom
What are fullerenes and what can they be used for?
They are molecules of carbon.
They can deliver drugs because they ‘cage’ other atoms/molecules.
Lubricants.
Huge surface area so they make good catalysts.
What are 5 properties of graphene?
One atom thick
Hexagons
Strong
Light
Delocalised electrons
What’s an alloy?
A mixture of 2 or more metals.
Why are alloys better than pure metals?
They are harder and more useful.
What’s the process of metallic bonding?
Electrons in the outer shell are delocalised, there are strong electrostatic attractions between positive and negative electrons which hold them in a strong, regular structure.
What is the structure of a solid and what happens when a solid is heated?
They have strong forces of attraction so they are in fixed positions in a regular, lattice structure.
Particles vibrate more as they get hotter.
What is the structure of liquid and what happens when it’s heated?
Weak force of attraction. They’re randomly arranged and free to move but tend to stay together.
As it’s heated, they move faster.
What is the structure of gas and what happens when it’s heated?
Very weak force of attraction. They are free to move and have no definite shape.
As it’s heated, the particles move faster.
How to know if an element is a solid?
If its temperature is below the melting point.
How to know if an element is a gas?
If the temperature is above the boiling point.
How to know if an element is a liquid?
If its temperature is between the melting and boiling point.
Equation for surface area to volume ratio?
Surface area to volume ratio = surface area / volume
How big are nanoparticles?
1nm ( 1 * 10^-9 m)
What are the 6 things nanoparticles are used for?
New catalysts
Nanomedicine (deliver drugs)
Electric circuits
Antibacterial products
Cosmetics
Suncream
What are the 2 negatives of nanoparticles?
Damage the environment
No idea the effects on the human body
